A STUDY OF LIVING SUBSTANCE 39 



vent further changes, and the grain is then known as malt. 

 When this is put into water, the sugar is extracted. Yeast 

 is then added, and the mass ferments. The beer thus formed 

 contains 2 to 5% of alcohol. 



Distilled Liquors, or spirits, are obtained from wines and 

 other fermented liquors by the process of distillation, the 

 principles of which have already been explained. Brandy 

 is made by distilling wine, whisky is obtained from fer- 

 mented corn and rye, and rum is manufactured from molas- 

 ses. All of these liquors contain a large percentage of 

 alcohol (40 to 50%). 



Patent Medicines. In the issue of Nov. 8, 1902, of Ameri- 

 can Medicine are found the percentages of alcohol in eleven 

 of the widely advertised patent medicines. These percent- 

 ages run from 17 + % (in a nerve medicine) to 44 -|- / (in 

 one of the "stomach bitters"). These "bitters" contain 

 ten times the quantity of alcohol found in beer } and are even 

 stronger than whisky and brandy. Hence, the average 

 drug store, where these patent medicines are freely sold, 

 must share with the liquor saloon the heavy responsibility 

 for the prevalence of the drink habit. 



THE STRUCTURE OF THE LIVING HUMAN BODY 



1. Protoplasm is the living substance, composed largely of 



proteid, water, and mineral matters. These compounds 

 are made up of C, H, 0, N, S, P, and other elements. 



2. Cells of the body are to a large extent composed of pro- 



toplasm, which forms the cell body and nucleus. 



3. Tissues of the body are its building materials, composed 



of cells of the same kind with more or less intercellular 

 substance. 



4. Organs of the body are composed of various tissues, 



which work together to perform some special function. 



1 See also "The Use of Temperance Drinks," pp. 344, 345, by 

 Professor H. P. Bowditch, in "Physiological Aspects of the Liquor 

 Problem." Houghton, Mifflin, Co., Boston. 



