STIMULANTS, NARCOTICS, AND POISONS 71 







" Ten years ago the American Temperance Life Insurance 

 Association was formed in this city (K.Y.), and accepts 

 nothing but total abstinence risks. It has had pronounced 

 success, and has paid something like $ 200,000 in death 

 claims. President Frank Delano states that the results of. 

 their business show that the ratio of their death-rate to that of 

 general risks is about 26 per cent in favor of the total ab- 

 stainer." WILLIAM E. JOHNSON. 



The Cost of Intemperance. The following figures, compiled 

 by the League for Social Service of New York City from the 

 United States Census, present some very striking facts as to 

 the cost to our country of the abuse of alcohol. During the 

 year 1880 (and the same figures would doubtless hold true 

 for any other year), it was found that three-fourths of all the 

 pauperism, one-fourth of all the insanity, and three-fourths of 

 all the crime in the United States were directly caused by 

 intoxicating drinks. 



The Effect upon Dogs of Moderate Drinking of Alcohol. 

 During the years 1895 to 1900, Dr. Hodge of Clark Univer- 

 sity, Worcester, Mass., carried, on some very instructive 

 experiments upon dogs. He secured four spaniel puppies, 

 all of which were born on Washington's Birthday, 1895 j the 

 two males were brothers and the females sisters. Dr. Hodge 

 carefully watched the four for nearly two months before be- 

 ginning his experiments, in order to pick out the two most 

 vigorous animals ; these he named " Tipsy " and " Bum," 

 and then put in with their chief meal each day a moderate 

 amount of alcohol ; it was not enough, however, to cause any 

 evidence of intoxication. The other two spaniels, "Nig" 

 and " Topsy," received no alcohol. 



For over five years these dogs were studied, and important 

 facts were learned as to the general effect of alcohol on 

 physiological processes. Early in his observations it became 

 evident to Dr. Hodge that the dogs that were receiving the 

 alcohol were far less playful than were those that had no 

 alcohol in their food. To measure the comparative activity 



