16 



All the layers made in these different ways may be 

 separated from the parent tree in the autumn of the sec- 

 ond year. They may be cut off four inches from the 

 parent trunk, be taken up carefully with their roots and 

 small fibres and placed in the nursery or permanently 

 established in an orchard. In the nursery they may be 

 set at the distance of six feet from each other and in the 

 following year, by heading them down, four or five layers 

 may be made from each. By these means one hundred 

 trees may be increased in four years to eighteen hundred ; 

 for the parent trees, after the layers are separated from 

 them being replaced in a straight position, secured to a 

 prop, manured, and watered, generally retrieve their 

 Strength and make productive trees. 



TRANSPLANTING FOR HEDGES. 



After standing in the nursery a suitable time, the trees 

 may be transplanted for making hedges. Fprefer trans- 

 planting in the spring. Great care should be taken to 

 preserve the very fine roots. If hedges for fences be want- 

 ed, the young trees mayjbe taken from the seedlings of the 

 last year. The white mulberry forms an excellent live 

 fence, and when once established is probably the most 

 permanent of any other Cattle must not be allowed 

 free access to the hedge while young, as they would de- 

 stroy it altogether ; but after it has become a good fence 

 they may approach it with advantage. The more it is 

 broken and lacerated by cattle, the more impenetrable it 

 will become ; as for every branch broken, a half dozen 

 shoots will immediately start out, till the bush forms a 

 perfect bramble. This mode is therefore recommended 



