58 



THE INTEGUMENT, OR SKIN 



9. Complexion. In the deeper cells of the cuticle lies a 

 pigment, or coloring-matter, consisting of minute colored grains. 

 On this pigment complexion depends ; and its presence, in less 

 or greater amount, occasions the difference of hue that exists 

 between the light and the dark races of men, and between the 

 blonde and the brunette of the white races. Freckles are due 

 to an irregular increase of this coloring matter. 



10. The sun has a powerful influence over the development 

 of this pigment, as is shown by the swarthy hue of those of 

 the white race who have colonized in tropical climates. It is 



also well illustrated by the fact, 

 that among the Jews who have 

 settled in northern Europe, 

 there are many who are fair- 

 complexioned, while those re- 

 siding in India are as dark as 

 the Hindoos around them. 



11. An Albino is a person 

 who may be said to have no 

 complexion; that is, there is 

 an entire absence of coloring 

 matter from the skin, hair, and 

 iris of the eye. This condition 

 exists from birth, and more 

 FiG.19. SUOWING A HAIR AND SECTION frequently occurs among the 



OF SKIN HIGHLY MAGNIFIED dark ^ Q ^ and in hot climateS) 



although it has been observed in almost every race and clime. 



12. Sebaceous Glands. In all parts of the surface where 

 the hairs grow, are to be found the sebaceous, or oil-producing 



lives four months in summer and five in winter. A person dying in his 

 80th year, has changed his nail 200 times, at least and the nail appeared 

 such an inanimate, unvarying thing ! No other cells, we believe, have a 

 life nearly so long as that of the nail." Compendium of Histology by 

 Heinrich Frey. 



9. On what does the complexion depend ? Light and dark races ? Freckles ? 



10. Influence of the sun ? How illustrated ? Jews ? 



11. What is an Albino ? Where are Albinos found ? 



12. What are sebaceous glands ? How do they act ? Sebaceous glands of the face ? 

 How do they act ? 



