40 CANADIAN FORESTRY ASSOCIATION. 



in the autumn, turn a sounder of swine into them. The animals would not only eat 

 the wind-fall apples, tli" ae.>rn> and U-eeh-mast and fungi, they would grub about 



roots of the trees and devour the immature kinds of dies, beetles and moths. I 

 have seen the experiment tried; and tlie piirs thro\<-. 



But a part of my subject of more interest to lumbermen is that relating to the 

 Borers and truly their name is leg inn. 



A number of beetles belonging to the family Buprvstidu* hor<> in the pine. Two 

 splendid beetles of this family are Ohalcophora \~ir(/ini<'nxis. Drury. and Chalcophora 

 fort i*. l.e ( 'inte. 



C. f'irfix is the largest and handsomest of our Buprestidae and perhaps, as rer- 

 gards our collections, the rarest. Mr. Hague Harrington sjM-aks of it as rare at Otta- 

 wa: and I never met with it at Montreal, nor in the eastern townships; but one day 

 1 was walking under the cliff, at Hadlow, 011 the south side of the river, when I found 

 specimens of both C. Virginiensis and C. fortis. There were no trees near in which 

 they could have bred, and the insects were fresh and perfect. The discovery was a 

 marvel to me till, on looking to the river side, I saw, stranded, a crib of pine timber; 

 and then the mystery was solved. This incident shows how easily insects may be 

 spread over the country. 



There is a bettle called the Titillator, Monohammus titillator, Harris, which some- 

 what resembles, both in appearance and habits, the beetle called in Scotland the 'Tim- 

 ber-man.' The Titillator, and its congener, Monohammus marmorata, Randall, make 

 damaging tunnels in the trunks of the pine, and they sometimes turn up unexpectedly 

 in places far from their native forest. 



One afternoon I was sitting in my study in the rectory at Cowansville, which was 

 then a new building. Suddenly a strange object came down with a clatter upon the 

 book I was reading. It was M. titillator. Where did you come from? I said. I looked 

 around and soon discovered a hole it had made in the casing of the door. What an 

 experience that insect had gone through. It had sprung from an egg laid in a crevice 

 of a standing pine. The tree into which it had eaten its way had been cut down, hauled 

 through the woods, soaked in the mill-pond and cut up by the circular saw. The boards 

 had been banged about in the jiling, had been kiln dried, and then passed through the 

 planing machine. That particular board in which was the habitation of the beetle 

 had been worked by hand in the sash and door factory, planed, and fitted, and ham- 

 mered, and painted, and varnished, and, surviving all the rough usage, and escaping 

 all the deadly weapons, there lay Monohammus titillator snugly ensconsed in his square 

 inch of the wood, reserving himself till he could present himself as a gentleman. 



The larvae of a number of these longicorn beetles are borers in various forest trees. 

 /Those of Monohammus scutellatus, Say, play sad work with the spruce. A fine spruce, 

 growing in the premises I rented some years ago, broke off near the ground. I found 

 that, for about three feet upward, the trunk had been bored through and through in 

 every direction by the larva of this beetle. 



The larva of Plagionotus speciosus, Say, is a borer in the maple. That of the fine 

 beetle Saperda calcarata, Say, bores in the poplar. The apple tree borer, Saperda 

 Candida., Fabr., works also in the American mountain ash and the thorn. The larvae 

 of Saperda vestita, Say, Saperda tridentata, Olivier, and Cyllene pictus, Drury, bore 

 respectively in the bass-wood, the elm and the cedar (Thuya occidentalis, Linneus). ' 



Time would fail me to enumerate the small beetles which mine between the bark 

 and the white wood, and which at times do great harm volumes might be written upon 

 them. 



But I must not pass over the most important of the Lepidopterous and Hymen- 

 opterous borers. Of the former we have remarkable instances in Cossus centerensis, 

 Lintner, which bores in the balsam poplar; in Prionoxystus robinice, Peck, which, as 

 its name implies, bores in the locust or false acacia, and in Prionoxystus Macmurtiei, 

 Guerin-Meneville, which Mr. A. F. Winn has found upon oaks on Mount Royal. 



Some thirty years ago I discovered Cossus centerensis at Cowansville, Que. At 

 that time the insect was unnamed and undeseriBed, but I was not then sufficiently ac- 



