CANADIAN FORESTRY ASSOCIATION. 51 



these squares and brought them to me. I separated the species and divided each into 

 three classes, which I called 'Germinated,' 'Seedlings' and 'Juvenals,' according to size, 

 and recorded the number in each class, making note of the conditions under which they 

 grew. 



We were at that work for over a month, and I finally came to this conclusion: 

 In that neighbourhood where, it should be stated, there is much shade and much duff 

 on the ground, the pine and spruce and hemlock were practically seeding themselves 

 only where there was mineral soil and on old rotting logs where, I suppose, they got 

 the proper moisture to exist. The hardwoods, on the other hand, were seeding them- 

 selves almost everywhere on the rocks, on the mineral soil, on the leaves and even in 

 the moss. 



It seems to me that cutting down to a diameter limit must remove the conifers 

 from the woods, especially if we leave the hardwood, unless we can make satisfactory 

 conditions for the succeeding ones artificially. 



In Germany, where I have recently made a tour, they have endeavoured for years 

 to bring about natural seeding of the spruce, and they have told me there that they 

 have not yet succeeded and are dependent for their coniferous woods (excepting the 

 balsam, which is fir over there) on raising their trees in nurseries and planting them 

 out in the woods. 



Another method that they have adopted is what they call 'seed spot method.' They 

 go into the field and hack up spots each about a metre long by half a metre wide and 

 ,sow a few seeds there. The spots are placed about a meter apart. They do not depend 

 at all on the natural seeding of the spruce. They say that the pine will reseed itself 

 not very badly, but they also depend on their nurseries for the culture of that tree. 



Dr. SCHENCK. The rumours relative to the possibilities of timber reproduction 

 seem rather vague and are, in many cases, coloured by prejudice. It seems to me that 

 an actual growth of 1,000 feet per decade and per acre is rather high. Possibly the 

 lumberman, in the case at issuej had removed at the first cut only trees of 18-inch 

 diameter and over. At the second cut, ten years later, when the stumpage prices had 

 risen, he was justified to remove trees of 12-inch diameter as well. The next time, at 

 the end of the second decade, he is apt to cut down to a diameter limit of 6 inches only, 

 and so on, even small stuff being then of value. 



In. Germany, where the forests are particularly well cared for, the average produc- 

 tion in the state forests does not exceed 65 feet board measure per acre per annum, or 

 650 feet per decade of years. 



I cannot imagine that the forests of this country are much more productive than 

 the woods of the old country, so carefully husbanded. 



Obviously, forest soil in this country is better, or averages better, than it does in 

 the old. 



You will further admit that in a number of well described cases the reproduction 

 of white pine has been as much as 300 feet board measure per acre per annum for a 

 limited number of years. 



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