22 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



7. Magnolia Fraseri, Walter, 



Fl. Caroliniana, i, 59 & t. Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. America, i, 43. Walpers, Eep. i, 70. Dietrich, Syn. iii, 308. Chapman, PI. S. 

 States, 14. Curtis in Eep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 68. Wood, Cl. Book, 214 ; Bot. & Fl. 25. Gray, Manual N_ 

 States, 5 ed. 49. Koch, Dendrologio, i, 372. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 6. 



M. auriculata, Lamarck, Diet, iii, 673. Bartram, Travels, 2 ed. 337. Willdeuow, Spec, ii, 1258; Enum. i, 579. Michaux, 

 Fl. Bor.-Am. i, 328. Nouveau Duhamel, ii, 22'Z Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. ii, 5. Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii, 94, t. 6 ; 

 N. American Sylva, 3 ed. ii, 23, t. 56. Andrews, Bot. Rep. ix, t. 573. Bot. Mag. t. 1206. Cubieres, Mem. Mag. & t. 

 Alton, Hort. Kew. 2 ed. iii, 332. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 382. Nuttall, Genera, ii, 18; Sylva, i, 84 ; 2 ed. i, 98. De 

 Candolle, Syst. i, 454; Prodr. i, 80. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 117. Elliott, Sk. ii, 39. Sprengel, Syst. ii, 642. Audubon, 

 Birds, t. 38. Don, Miller's Diet, i, 83. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 218. Hooker, Jour. Bot. i, 188. Spach, Hist. Veg. vii, 

 477. London, Arboretum, i, 276 & t. Seringe, Fl. Jard. iii, 229. 



M . pyramidata, Bartram, Travels, 2 ed. 338. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 382. De Candolle, Syst. i, 454 ; Prodr. i, 80. Hayrie, 

 Dend. Fl. 117. Lindley, Bot. Reg. v,t. 407. Loddiges, Bot. Cab. t. 1092. Rafinesque, Med. Bot. ii,32. Don, Miller's 

 Diet, i, 83. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 221. London, Arboretum, i, 277 & t. Seringe, Fl. Jard. iii, 230. Darby, Bot. 

 S. States, 211. 



M. auricularis, Salisbury, Parad. Lond. i, t. 43. Kerner, Hort. t. 360. 



LONG-LEAVED CUCUMBER TREE. 



Alleghany mountains, from Virginia southward to the Chattahoochee region of western Florida, and southern 

 Alabama (Clark county, Mohr), extending west to the valley of Pearl river, Mississippi. 



A small tree, 8 to 12 meters in height, with a trunk 0.15 to 0.20 meter in diameter; rich woods. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, close-grained, compact ; medullary rays very numerous, thin ; color, brown, the 

 sap-wood nearly white; specific gravity, 0.5003; ash, 0.28. 



8. Liriodendron Tulipifera, Linnjeus, 



Spec. 1 ed. i, 535. Kalm, Travels, English ed. i, 202. Marshall, Arbustum, 78. Wangenheim, Amer. 32, t. 13, f. 32. Walter, Fl. 

 Caroliniana, 158. Schmidt, Arb. i, 48. B. S. Barton, Coll. i, 14, 45. Alton, Hort. Kew. ii, 250; 2 ed. iii, 329. Gajrtner, Fruct. 

 ii, t. 178. Bot. Mag. t .275. Meeuch, Meth. 222. Abbot, Insects Georgia, ii, t. 102. Schkuhr, Handb. ii, 93, t. 147. Trew, Icon. 

 1. 10. Willdenow, Spec, ii, 1254; Enum. i, 579. Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. i, 326. Nouveau Duhamel, iii, 62, 1. 18. Desfontaines, 

 Hist. Arb. ii, 15. Poiret in Lamarck, Diet, viii, 137; 111. iii, 36, t. 491. St. Hilaire, PI. France, iii, t. 377. Titford, Hort. Bot. 

 Am. 76. Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii, 2U2, t. 5; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. ii, 35, t. 61, Eaton, Manual, 63; 6 ed. 208. Nuttall, 

 Genera, ii, 18; Sylva, i, 84; 2 ed. i, 100. Barton, Prodr. Fl. Philadelph. 59; Med. Bot. i, 91, t. 8; Compend. Fl. Philadelph. ii, 

 18. De Candolle, Syst. i, 462; Prodr. i, 82. Bigelow, Med. Bot. ii, 107, t. 31. Hayue, Deiid. Fl. 115. Elliott, Sk. ii, 40. Torrey, 

 Compend. Fl. N. States, 221 ; Fl. N. York, i, 28. Rafinesque, Med. Bot. ii, 239. Guimpel, Otto & Hayne, Abb. Holz. 34, t. 29. 

 Cobbett, Woodlands, No. 516. Sprengel, Syst. ii, 642. Audubon, Birds, t. 12. Don, Miller's Diet, i, 86. Beck, Bot. 15. Liudley, 

 Fl. Med. 23. Spach, Hist. Veg. vi, 488. London, Arboretum, i, 284 & t. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 302. Ponn. Cycl. xxv, 341. Torrey 

 & Gray, Fl. N. America, i, 44. Dietrich, Syn. iii, 309. Griffith, Med. Bot. 98, f. 58. Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 529; 2 ed. 

 ii, 605 & t. Seringe, Fl. Jard. iii, 240. Gray, Genera, i, 64, t. 25; Manual N. States, 5 ed. 50. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed. 9. 

 Darby, Bot. S. States, 212. Agardh, Theor. & Syst. PI. t. 11, f. 2. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 250. Chapman, Fl. S. 

 States, 14. Curtis in Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 77. Lemaire, 111. Hort. 15, t. 571. Wood, Cl. Book, 215; Bot. 

 & Fl. 25. Porcher, Resources S. Forests, 39. Engelmanu in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. new ser. xii, 183. Baillon, Hist. PI. i, 143, f. 

 175-178. Koch, Dendrologie, i, 380. Guibonrt, Hist. Drogues, 7 ed. iii, 746. Ridgway in Am. Nat. vi, 663 ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 

 1882, 59. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 6. Eichler, Sit. Bot. Brand, xxii, 83, f. 1-3. Bell in Geological Eep. Canada, 1879- '80, 53 C . 



Tulipifera Liriodendron, Miller, Diet. No. l. 

 L. procera, Salisbury, Prodr. 379. 



TULIP TREE. YELLOW POPLAE. WHITE WOOD. 



Southwestern Vermont, through western New England, southward to northern Florida (latitude 30) ; west 

 through New York, Ontario, and Michigan to lake Michigan, south of latitude 43 30', thence south to latitude 

 31 in the Gulf states east of the Mississippi river ; through southern Illinois and southeastern Missouri to Crowley'e 

 ridge, northeastern Arkansas. 



One of the largest and most valuable trees of the Atlantic forests, 30 to 60 meters in height, with a trunk 2 to 

 4 meters in diameter (Ridgicay) ; rich woods and intervale lands, reaching its greatest development in the valley 

 of the lower Wabash river and along the western slopes of the Alleghany mountains in Tennessee and North 

 Carolina. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, very close straight-grained, compact, easily worked ; medullary rays 

 numerous, not prominent ; color, light yellow or brown, the thin sap-wood nearly white ; specific gravity, 0.4230 ; 

 ash, 0.23 ; largely manufactured into lumber and used for construction, interior finish, shingles, in boat-building, 

 and especially in the manufacture of wooden pumps, woodenware, etc. ; varieties varying slightly in color and 

 density are recognized by lumbermen. 



Liriodendrin, a stimulant tonic, with diaphoretic properties, is obtained by macerating the inner bark, 

 especially of the root ( Jour. Philadelphia Col. Phar. iii.5. U. S. Dispensatory, 14 ed. 556. Nat. Dispensatory, 2 ed. 871). 



