56 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



Wood heavy, exceedingly hard and strong, close-grained, compact, very durable in contact with the ground ; 

 layers of annual growth clearly marked by two or three rows of large open ducts; color, brown or, more rarely, light 

 green, the sap-wood yellow ; specific gravity, 0.7333 ; ash, 0.51 (Trecul in Am. Jour. Sci. 3 ser. xix, 182, t. 2, f. 1; 

 t. 6, 7, f. 10.); largely used in ship-building, for posts, of all sorts, construction, and in turnery; preferred to 

 other American woods for treenails, and in this form largely exported. 



The bark of the root tonic, or in large doses purgative and emetic (U. S. Dispensatory, 14 ed. 1746. Nat. 

 Dispensatory, 2 ed. 1233) ; formerly widely planted as a timber tree (Cobbett, Woodlands, par. 323) ; its cultivation in 

 the United States now generally abandoned on account of the destructive attacks of the locust borer (Oyllene picta, 

 Packard in Bull. U. S. Entomological Com. No. 7, 95). 



78. Robinia viscosa, Ventenat, 



Hort. Cels. 4, t. 4. Bot. Mag. t. 5<iO. Willdenow, Spec, iii, 1131 ; Einim. ii, 769. Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 65. Nouveau Duhamel, ii, 64, 

 1. 17. Poiret in Lamarck, Diet, vi, 222. B. S. Barton, Bot. Appx. 29, t. 21. Persoon, Syn. ii, 311. Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. ii, 302. 

 Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2ed. iv, 323. Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii, 262, t. 2 ; N. American Sylva, ii, 104, t. 77. Pursh, Fl, Am. Sept. ii, 488. 

 Nuttall, Genera, ii, 118. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 140. Elliott, Sk. ii, 242. Do Candolle, Prodr. ii, 262. Gnimpel.Otto & Hayne, Abb. Holz. 

 81, t. 65. Sprengel, Syst. iii, 247. Don, Miller's Diet, ii, 236. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 306. Spach, Hist. Veg. i, 260. Torrey & Gray, 

 Fl. N. America, i, 295. London, Arboretum, ii, 620, t. 87, f. 306. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 397. Browne, Trees of America, 209. 

 Dietrich, Syu. iv, 1053. Darby, Bot. S. States, 280. Cooper in Smithsonian Kep. 1858, 251. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 94. Curtis in 

 Kep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, I860, iii, 49. Wood, Cl. Book, 319; Bot. & Fl. 95. Porcher, Resources S. Forests, 193. Gray, 

 Manual N. States, 5 ed. 131. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 11. 



E. glutinosa, Curtis, Bot. Mag. t. 560. Koch, Dendrologie, i, 59. 



CLAMMY LOCUST. 



" High Alleghauy mountains south of latitude 35 " (Michaux). "Open woods, slopes of Buzzard ridge, altitude 

 4,500 feet, near Highland, Macon county, North Carolina" (J. Donnell Smith). 



A small tree, 9 to 12 meters in height, with a trunk not exceeding 0.30 meter in diameter; very rare, and not 

 rediscovered until 1882 by the numerous botanists who have visited, during the last thirty years, the localities where 

 the Michauxs, father and son, discovered this species ; widely cultivated and now occasionally naturalized in the 

 Atlantic states. 



Wood (of a cultivated specimen) heavy, hard, close-grained, compact; layers of annual growth clearly marked 

 by many rows of open ducts; medullary rays numerous, thin; color, brown, the sap-wood light yellow; specific 

 gravity, 0.8094 ; ash, 0.20. 



79. Robinia Neo-Mexicana, Gray, 



Mem. Am. Acad. new ser. v, 314. Torrey in Pacific R. R. Rep. iv, 79 ; Bot. Mex. Boundary Survey, 53. Walpers, Ann. iv, 491. 

 Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 265. Watson in King's Rep. v, 419. Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colorado ; Hayden's Surv. Misc. Pub. 

 No. 4, 23. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 11. 



LOCUST. 



Colorado, valley of the Purgatory river (near Trinidad), headwaters of the Canadian river, through western and 

 Suuch western New Mexico to the Santa Catalina and Santa Rita mountains (Lemmon, Pringle), Arizona (4,500 to 7,000 

 feet altitude), southern Utah, Mount Zion canon, west fork of the Eio Virgin, and near Kanah. 



A small tree, sometimes 6 to 8 meters in height, with a trunk 0.15 to 0.25 meter in diameter, or toward its 

 upper limits of growth reduced to a low shrub ; reaching its greatest development in the valley of the Purgatory 

 river, Colorado. 



Wood heavy, exceedingly hard, strong, close-grained, compact, satiny, containing many evenly-distributed 

 open ducts ; medullary rays, thin, conspicuous ; color, yellow streaked with brown, the sap-wood light yellow ; 

 specific gravity, 0.8034 ; ash, 0.60. 



80. Olneya Tesota, Gray, 



Mem. Am. Acad. new ser. v, 328; Ives' Rep. 11. Torrey in Pacific E. R. Rep. iv, 11, 82; vii, 10, t. 5; Bot. Mex. Boundary Survey, 

 58. Walpers, Ann. iv, 479, 587. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 265. Brewer & Watson, Bot. California, i, 157. Vasey, 

 Cat. Forest Trees, 11. Hemsley, Bot. Am.-Cent. i,260. 



IEON WOOD. ARBOL DE HIEERO. 



California, valley of the Colorado river south of the Mohave mountains, valley of the lower Gila river, 

 southwestern Arizona ; southward in Sonora. 



A small tree in the United States, rarely 9 meters in height, with a trunk sometimes 0.45 meter in diameter; 

 dry arroyos and canons ; in Sonora more common and of larger size. 



