74 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



A form with smaller fruit, peculiar to the high southern Alleghany mountains, is 



var. microcarpa, Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. America, i, 472. 



Sorbus aucuparia, var. a. Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. i, 280. 



Sorbus microcarpa, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i, 341. Poiret, Suppl. v, 164. Elliott, Sk. i, 555. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 477. Eaton, 

 Manual, 6 ed. 351. Spach, Hist. Veg. ii, 95. Roemer, Syn. Mon. iii, 138. 



P. microcarpa, Sprongel, Syst. ii, 511. De Candolle, Prodr. ii, 636. Don, Miller's Diet, ii, 648. Beck, Bot. 113. Eaton 

 & Wright, Bot. 383. London, Arboretum, ii, 921. 



Sorbus Americana, var. microcarpa, Wenzig in Liunaea, xxxviii, 71. 

 Sorbus riparia, Rafinesque, New Sylva, 15. 



Wood light, soft, close-grained, compact ; medullary rays numerous, obscure ; color, light brown, the sap-wood 

 lighter ; specific gravity, 0.5451 ; ash, 0.83. 

 Often planted for ornament. 



121. Pyrus sambucifolia, 



Chamisso &Schlechtendal inLinnsea, ii, 36. Bongard iiiMem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersburg, 6 ser. ii, 133. Don, Miller'sDict. ii, 648. Torrey 

 & Gray, Fl. N. America, i, 472. Walpers, Rep. ii, 53. Dietrich, Syn. iii, 155. Ledebour, Fl. Rossica, ii, 99. Trautverter & Meyer, 

 Fl. Ochot. 37. Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amurensis, 103. Rothrock in Smithsonian Rep. 1867, 446. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 

 161 ; Proc. Am. Acad. viii, 3c2. Porter in llaycleirs Rep. 1870, 475. Watson in King's Rep. v, 92. Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colorado ; 

 Hayden's Surv. Misc. Pub. No. 4, 38. Brewer & Watson, Bot. California, i, 189. Macoun in Geological Rep. Canada, 1875-'76, 195. 

 Hall in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, ii, 87. G. M. Dawson in Canadian Nat. new ser. ix, 10. Sears in Bull. Essex Inst. xiii, 176. 



Sorbus aucuparia, var. /9. Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. i, 290. 



Sorbus aucuparia, Schrank, PI. Labrador, 25, in part [not Linnaeus]. 



P. Americana, Newberry in Pacific R. R. Rep. vi, 73 [not De Candolle]. Cooper in Pacific R. R. Rep. xii 2 , 60. Torrey, Bot. 

 Wilkes Exped. 292. 



P. aucuparia, Meyer, PI. Labrador, 81, in part. Schlechtendal in Linncea, x, 99, in part. Hooker in Trans. Liniuuau Soc. 

 xxii 2 ,290, 327. in part. 



Sorbus sambucifolia, Reamer, Syn. Mon. iii, 139. Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersburg, xix, 174. Wenzig in 

 Linntea, xxxviii, 73. Decaisue in Nouv. Arch. Mus. x, 159. 



Sorbus Sitchensis, Reemer, Syu. Mon. iii, 139. 



MOUNTAIN ASH. 



Labrador to northern New England and the shores of lake Superior ; high mountain ranges of the Pacific 

 region from Alaska to southern New Mexico ; in Kamtchatka. 



A small tree, 9 to 12 meters in height, with a trunk sometimes 0.30 meter in diameter, or in the Pacific forests 

 generally reduced to a low shrub; cold, wet swamps or borders of streams, reaching its greatest development. in 

 northern New England and Minnesota. 



Wood light, soft, weak, close-grained, compact ; medullary rays numerous, obscure ; color, light brown, the 

 sap-wood nearly white ; specific gravity, 0.5928 ; ash, 0.35. 



The bark and unripe fruit of tbe American mountain ashes, like those of the nearly-allied P. aucuparia of 

 Europe, are extremely astringent, and occasionally used, domestically, in infusions, decoctions, etc., in the treatment 

 of diarrhea (Nat. Dispensatory, 2 ed. 1333). 



122. Crataegus rivularis, Nnttall; 



Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. America, i, 464. Dietrich, Syn. iii, 161. Walpers, Rep. ii, 58. Nuttall, Sylva, ii,9; 2 ed. i, 160. Cooper in 

 Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 258; Am. Nat. iii, 407. Regel in Act. Hort. St. Petersburg, i, 107. Watson in King's Rep. v, 92. Porter 

 in Haydeu's Rep. 1871, 482. Coulter in Hayden's Rep. 1872, 765. Brandegee in Hayden's Rep. 1875, 236. Vasey, Cat. Forest 

 Trees, 14. Macoun in Geological Rep. Canada, 1875-'76, 195. Engelmann in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, vii, 128. 



C. sanguinea, var. Douglasii, Coulter in Hayden's Rep. 1872, 765 [not Torrey & Gray]. 



British Columbia, south through eastern Oregon and Washington territory, east and southeast along the 

 mountain ranges of Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Colorado, to the Pinos Altos mountains, New Mexico (Greene). 



A small tree, 6 to 8 meters in height, with a trunk rarely exceeding 0.30 meter in diameter, or often a tall, 

 much-branched shrub, forming dense, impenetrable thickets along borders of streams and swamps. 



Wood heavy, hard, close-grained, compact; medullary rays numerous, thin; color, bright reddish -brown, the 

 sap-wood nearly white ; specific gravity, 0.7703 ; ash, 0.35. 



