92 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 







154. Nyssa sylvatica, Marshall, 



Arbustum, 97. Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii, 260, t. 21 ; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. iii, 29, 1. 110. Poiret, Snppl. iv, 116. Barton, Prodr. FL 

 Philadelph. 97; Compend. Fl. Philadelph. ii, 193. 



2f. aquatica, Linnajus, Spec. 1 ed. 1058, in part. St. Hilaire, Fam. Nat. ii, 152. Persoon, Syn. ii, 614. Michaux f. Hist. Arb. 

 Am. ii, 165, t. 22; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. iii, 31, t. 111. Rffimer& Schultes, Syst. v, 576. Barton, Prodr. Fl. Philadelph. 

 97; Compend. Fl. Philadelph. ii, 192. Sprengel, Syst. i, 832. Audubon, Birds, 1. 133. Elliott, Sk. ii, 684. Dietrich, 

 Syn. i, 878. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 236. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 329. Spach, Hist. Veg. x, 464. Darby, Bot. S. States, 

 492. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 168. Curtis in Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii. 168. Porcher, Resources S. 

 Forests, 347. Koch, Dendrologie, ii, 455. Young, Bot. Texas, 304. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 16. 



N. multiflora, Wangenheim, Amer. 46, 1. 16, f. 39. Elliott, Sk. ii, 684. Walter, Fl. Caroliniana, 253. Beck, Bot. 307. Eaton, 

 Manual, 6 ed. 236. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 329. Spach, Hist. Veg. x, 463. Torrey, Fl. N. York, ii, 161, t. 95. Emerson, 

 Trees Massachusetts, 312, t. 17 ; 2 ed. ii, 353 & t. Schnizlein, Icon. 1. 108, f. 1, 2. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed. 254. 

 Darby, Bot. S. States, 492. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 252. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 168. Curtis in Rep. 

 Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 62. Lesquereux in Owen's 2d Rep. Arkansas, 364. Wood, Cl. Book, 392; Bot. 

 & Fl. 143. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 201. Koch, Dendrologie, ii, 554. Young, Bot. Texas, 304. Vasey, Cat. 

 Forest Trees, 16. Broadhead in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, iii, 53. Bessey in Am. Nat. xv, 134. Bell in Geological Rep. 

 Canada, 1879-'80, 55 C . Ridgway in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 68. Burgess in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, vii, 95. 



N. Caroliniana, Poiret in Lamarck, Diet, iv, 507 ; Lamarck, 111. iii, 442, t. 851, f. 1. 



N. biflora, Walter, Fl. Caroliniana, 253. Lamarck, Diet, iv, 508. Michaux, Fl. Bor. -Am. ii, 259. Willdenow, Spec, iv, 1113 ; 

 Enum. 1061 ; Berl. Baumz. 256. Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. i, 37. Gsrtner f. Fruct. Suppl. 203, t. 216. Alton, Hort. 

 Kew. 2 ed. v,479. Pursh.Fl.Am. Sept. i, 177. Nuttall, Genera, ii, 236; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.v, 167. Poiret, Suppl. 

 iv, 115. Torrey in Ann. Lye. N. York, ii, 200 ; Compend. Bot. N. States, 372. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 229. Eaton, Manual, 

 116. Beck, Bot. 307. London, Arboretum, iii, 1317, f. 1195, 1196. Browne, Trees of America, 423. Baillon, Hist. PI. 

 v, 266, f. 241-244. 



JV. integrifolia, Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii, 446. Peraoon, Syn. ii, 614. 

 N. Canadensis, Poiret in Lamarck, Diet, iv, 507. 



N. villosa, Michaux, Fl. Bor. -Am. ii,258. Willdenow, Spec, iv, 1112. Desfontaines Hist. Arb. i, 37. Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2 ed- 

 v, 479. Bigelow, Fl. Boston. 3 ed. 380. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i, 117. Nuttall, Genera, ii, 276. Roemer & Schnltes, Syst. 

 v, 575. Sprengel, Syst. i, 832. Torrey, Compend. Bot. N. States, 372. Dietrich, Syn. i, 878. London, Arboretum, iii, 

 1317, f. 1197, 1198. 



N". multiflora, var. sylvatica, Watson, Index, 442. 



TUPELO. SOUR GUM. PEPPERIDGE. BLACK GUM. 



Valley of the Kennebec river, Maine (Kent's Hill, Prof. Stone), West Milton, Vermont, west to central Michigan, 

 south to Tampa bay, Florida, and the valley of the Brazos river, Texas. 



A tree 15 to 36 meters in height, with a trunk 0.60 to 1.50 meter in diameter, or at the north much smaller; 

 borders of swamps, or on rather high, rich hillsides and pine uplands ; at the south often in pine-barren ponds 

 and deep swamps, the base of the trunk then greatly enlarged and swollen (N. aquatica). 



Wood heavy, rather soft, strong, very tough, unwedgeable, difficult to work, inclined. to check unless carefully 

 seasoned, not durable in contact with the soil, containing numerous regularly-distributed small open ducts; 

 medullary rays numerous, thin; color, light yellow or often nearly white, the sap-wood hardly distinguishable; 

 specific gravity, 0.6353; ash, 0.52; now largely used for the hubs of wheels, rollers in glass factories, ox yokes, 

 and on the gulf coast for wharf piles. 



NOTE. Various forms of Nyssa, which at different times have beeu considered by botanists as entitled to specific rank, are 

 connected by so many intermediate forms, and offer so few distinctive characters, that they are hero united into one polymorphous 

 species, which thus enlarged may properly bear Marshall's earlier name of Nyssa, sylvatica, rather than the more familiar Nyssa multiflora 

 of Wangenheim. 



155. Nyssa uniflora, Wangenheim, 



Amer. 83, t. 27, f. 57. Walter, Fl. Caroliniana, 253. Elliott, Sk. ii, 686. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 329. Darby, Bot. S. States, 493. Cooper 

 in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 253. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 168. Curtis in Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 62. Wood, 

 Cl. Book, 392; Bot. & Fl. 143. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 201. Koch, Dendrologie, ii, 455. Young, Bot. Texas, 304. Vasey, 

 Cat. Forest Trees. 16. 



N. aquatica, Linnaeus, Spec. 1058, in part. Marshal], Arbustum, 96. Lamarck, Diet, iv, 507. Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. i, 36. 



N. denticulata, Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii, 446; 2 ed. v, 480. Persoon, Syn. ii, 015. Willdenow, Spec, iv, 1114. Gajrtner f. 

 Fruct. Suppl. 203, t. 216. Pursh. Fl. Am. Sept. i, 178. Poiret, Suppl. iv, 115. Nuttall, Genera, ii, 236. Hayne, Dend. 

 Fl. 229. Roomer & Schultes, Syst, T, 577. Sprengel, Syst. i, 832. Dietrich, Syn. i, 879. 



