94 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



ELDER. 



Valley of the Nueces river (San Patricio), south and west along the southern boundary of the United States 

 to Posa creek, Kern county, California, and southward into Mexico. 



A small tree, sometimes 6 meters in height, with a trunk 0.15 to 0.25 meter in diameter ; bottom lands, in 

 moist, gravelly loam. 



Wood light, soft, rather coarse-grained, compact ; medullary rays numerous, thin, conspicuous; color, light 

 brown, the sap-wood lighter ; specific gravity, 0.4014; ash, 2.00. 



158. Viburnum Lentago, Linnasus, 



Spec. 1 ed. 268. Marshall, Arbustum, 160. Wangenheim, Amer. 100. Walter, Fl. Caroliniana, 116. Aiton, Hort. Kew. i, 372; 2 ed. 

 ii, 168. Willdenow, Spec, i, 1491; Enum. 327; Berl. Baumz. 531. Nouveau Duhamel, ii, 129. Schkuhr, Handb. 234. Michaux, 

 Fl. Bor.-Atn. i, 178. Persoon, Syn. i, 327. Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. i, 344. Poiret in Lamarck, Diet, viii, 658. Pursh, Fl.Am. 

 Sept. i, 201. Barton, Prodr. Fl. Philadelph. 40. Eaton, Manual, 34 ; 6 ed. 387. Nuttall, Genera, i, 202. Hayne, Dencl. Fl. 37. 

 Rcemer& Schultes, Syst. vi, 637. Elliott, Sk. i, 365. Torrey, Fl. U. S. i, 318; Compend. Fl. N. States, 138; Fl. N. York, i, 305. 

 Watson, Dend. Brit, i, t. 21. Sprengel, Syst. i, 934. Guimpel, Otto & Hayne, Abb. Holz. 125, 1. 102. De Caudolle, Prodr. iv, 325. 

 Hooker, Fl. Bor. -Am. i, 279. Beck, Bot. 156. Don, Miller's Diet, iii, 440. Spach, Hist. Veg. viii, 311. London, Arboretum, ii, 1033, 

 f. 780. Dietrich, Syn. ii, 1011. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 473. Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. America, ii, 15. Bigelovr, Fl. Boston. 3 ed. 123. 

 Penn. Cycl. xxvii, 294. Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 364 ; 2 ed. ii, 412. Darlington, Fl. Cestvica, 3 ed. 115. Darby, Bot. 8. States, 

 342. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 171. Wood, Cl. Book, 398; Bot. & Fl. 147. Eugclmann in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. new ser. xii,194; 

 Trans. St. Louis Acad. ii, 269. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 206 ; Syn. Fl. N. America, i 2 , 12. Koch, Dendrologie, ii, 62. 

 Young, Bot. Texas, 309. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 16. Macoun in Rep. Geological Snrv. Canada, 1875-76, 198. Bidgway in 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mua. 1882, 68. 



SHEEPBERRY. NANNYBERRY. 



Southern shores of Hudson bay west in British America to about longitude 102, south through the northern 

 states to southern Indiana and Saint Louis county, Missouri, and along the Alleghauy mountains to northern 

 Georgia. 



A small tree, 6 to 9 meters in height, with a trunk sometimes 0.15 to 0.25 meter in diameter; rocky ridges 

 and along borders of streams and swamps, in rich, moist soil ; most common and reaching its greatest development 

 far north. 



Wood heavy, hard, close-grained, compact, emitting a disagreeable odor; medullary rays thin, barely 

 distinguishable; color, dark orange-brown, the sap-wood nearly white;' specific gravity, 0.7303; ash, 0.29. 



159. Viburnum prunifolium, Linnaras, 



Spec. led. 268. Marshall, Arbustum, 160. Wangenheim, Amer. 98. Walter, Fl. Caroliniana, 116. Aiton, Hort. Kew. i, 371; 2 ed. ii, 

 167. Willdeuow, Spec, i, 1487; Enum. 326; Berl. Bauinz. 530. Abbot, Insects Georgia, ii, 53. Nonveau Duhamel, ii, 128, t. 38. 

 Schkuhr, Handb. 233. Michaux, Fl. Bor. -Am. i, 178. Persoon, Syu. i, 32G. Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. i, 344. Poiret in Lamarck, 

 Diet, viii, 653. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i, 201. Barton, Prodr. Fl. Philadeph. 39 ; Compend. Fl. Philadelph. i, 151. Nuttall, Genera, 

 i, 202. Rcemer & Schultes, Syst. vi, 631.- Hayne, Dend. Fl. 37. Torrey, Fl. U. S. i, 318 ; Compend. Fl. N. States, 138. Elliott, Sk. 

 i, 365. Sprengel, Syst. i, 933. Guimpel, Otto & Hayne, Abb. Holz. 125, 1. 101. Watson, Deud. Brit, i, t. 23. Audubon, Birds, t. 23. 

 De Candolle, Prodr. iv, 325. Beck, Bot. 156. Don, Miller's Diet, iii, 440. Spach, Hist. Veg. viii, 312. Loudon, Arboretum, ii, 1034, 

 1. 193. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 27 9. Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. America, ii, 14. Walpers, Rep. ii, 451. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed. 

 115. Darby, Bot. S. States, 342. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 171. Wood, Cl. Book. 398; Bot, & Fl. 147. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 

 206; Syn. Fl. N. America, i 2 , 12. Engelmann in Trans. St. Louis Acad. ii, 269. Koch, Dendrologie, ii, 62. Young, Bot. Texas, 309. 

 Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 16. Ridgway in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 68. Watson in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii, 96. 



V. pyrifolium, Poiret in Lamarck, Diet, v, 658. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i, 201. Nuttall, Genera, i, 202. Barton, Compend. 

 Fl. Philadelph. i, 152. Reemer & Schultes, Syst. vi, 631. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 37. Watson, Dend. Brit, i, t. 22. 

 Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. i, 345; Cat. Hort. Paris, 3 ed. 404. De Candolle, Prodr. iv, 325. Beck, Bot. 156. Loudon, 

 Arboretum, ii, 1034, f. 781, 782. Bigelow, Fl. Boston, 3 ed. 123. 



V. prunifolium, var. ferrugineum, Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. America, ii, 15. 



BLACK HAW. STAG BUSH. 



Fairfield county, Connecticut, valley of the lower Hudson river (Fishkill landing), south to Hernando county, 

 Florida, and the valley of the Colorado river, Texas, west to Missouri, Arkansas, and the Indian territory. 



A small tree, sometimes 6 to 9. meters in height, with a trunk rarely exceeding 0.15 meter in diameter, or at 

 the north generally reduced to a low, much-branched shrub ; usually on rocky hillsides, in rich soil. 



Wood heavy, very hard, strong, brittle, close-grained, liable to check in drying ; medullary rays numerous, 

 very obscure; color, brown tinged with red, the sap-wood nearly white; specific gravity, 0.8332; ash, 0.52. 



The edible fruit sweet and insipid ; the tonic and astringent bark somewhat used in the treatment of uterine 

 disorders in the form of decoctions or fluid extracts (Bunion Mcd. and Sury. Jour. October 10, 1867. U. S. Dispensatory, 

 14 ed. 1783. Nat. Dispensatory, 2 ed. 1821). 



