104 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



EBENACE^l. 



184. Diospyros Virginiana, Linnajus, 



Spec. 1 ed. 1057. Kalm, Travels, English ed. i, 127, 345. Marshall, Arbustuiu, 40. Wangenheim, Amer. 84, t. 28, f. 58. Walter. PI. 

 Caroliniana, 253. Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii, 446; 2 ed. v, 478. Abbot, Insects Georgia, ii, t. 61, 74. B. S. Barton, Coll. i, 11,45; ii, 

 52. Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am.ii, 258. Gaertner f. Fruct. Suppl. 138, t. 207. Willdenow, Spec, iv, 1107; Enurn. 1061; fieri. Banmz. 

 127. Poiret in Lamarck, Diet, v, 528. Persoon, Syu. ii, 1806. Desfontaiues, Hist. Arb. i, 208. Titford, Hort. Bot. Am. 106.-- 

 Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am.ii, 195, t. 12; N. American Sylva, :i ed. ii, 157, t. 93. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 265. Nouveau Duhamel, 

 vi, 84. Barton, Prodr. Fl. Philadelph. 97; Compend. Fl. Plnladelph. ii, 198. Eaton, Manual, 117; 6 ed. 126. Nuttall, Gi-m-ra. 

 ii, 240. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 228. Elliott, Sk. ii, 712. Collin, Forslag af nagra Nord-Americas Trad. 23. Ton-ey, Compend. Fl. N. 

 States, 375. Audubon, Birds, t. 87. Spreugel, Syst. ii, 202. Watson, Dend. Brit, ii, 146. Rarinesque, Med. Bot. i, 153, t. 32. 

 Beck, Bot. 229. Don, Miller's Diet, iv, 39. London, Arboretum, ii, 1195, t. 200, 201. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 225. A. De Candolle, 

 Prodr. iv, 228. Browne, Trees of America, 368. Griffith, Med. Bot. 435, f. 196. Dietrich, Syn. v, 437. Belg. Hort. iv, 118 & t. 

 Darby, Bot. S. States, 425. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed. 176. Cooper in Smithsonian Eep. 1858, 253. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 



273. Curtis in Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 70. Lesquereux in Owen's 2d Rep. Arkansas, 374. "Ettingsh. Blatt- 

 Skel. Dikot. 89, t. 38, f. 12." Wood, Cl. Book, 500 ; Bot. & Fl. 209. Porcher, Resources S. Forests, 385. Engelmann in Trans. Am. 

 Phil. Soc. new ser. xii, 200. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 308 ; Hall's PL Texas, 15; Syn. PL N. America, ii 1 , 69. Koch, Dendrologie, 

 ii, 204. Hieru in Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc. xii 1 , 224. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 18. Broadhead in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, iii, 

 59. Eidgway in Proc. U. S.Nat. Mus. 1882, 68. 



D. concolor, Mtsnch, Meth. 471. 



D. Guaiacana, Robin, Voyages, iii, 417. 



D.pubescens, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i, 265 [not Persoon]. Rafinesque, Fl. Ludoviciana, 139. Don, Miller's Diet, iv, 38. 

 London, Arboretum, ii, 1196. 



D. Virginiana, var. pubescem, Nuttall, Genera, ii, 240. Elliott, Sk. ii, 713. 



D. Virginiana, var. microcarpa, Rafinesque, Med. Bot. i, 115. 



D. Virginiana, var. concolor, Rafinesque, Med. Bot. i, 155. 



D. Virginiana, var. macrocarpa, Rafinesque, Med. Bot. i, 155. 



D. Persimon, Wikstrom, Jahr. Schwed. 1830, 92. 



D. dliata, Rafinesque, New Fl. & Bot. i, 25 [not A. De Candolle]. 



D. calytina, Audibert, Cat. Hort. Tonn. (ex. Spach). London, Gard. Mag. 1841, 394. 



D. angustifolia. Audibert, Cat. Hort. Tonn. (ex. Spach). London, Gard. Mag. 1841, 394. 



D. ludfla, Hort. Loudon, Gard. Mag. 1841, 394. 



D. intermedia, Hort. Loudon, Gard. Mag. 1841,394. 



PERSIMMON. 



Light-house point, New Haven, Connecticut, Long Island, New York, and southward to bay Biscayne and the 

 Caloosa river, Florida, southern Alabama and Mississippi; southern Ohio to southeastern Iowa, southern Missouri, 

 Arkansas, eastern Kansas, the Indian territory, and the valley of the Colorado river, Texas. 



A tree 10 to 20 or, exceptionally, 30 to 35 meters in height (Ridgway), with a trunk sometimes O.GO meter in 

 diameter ; very common and often entirely occupying abandoned fields throughout the middle and lower regions 

 of the southern Atlantic and Gulf states, reaching its greatest development in the rich bottom lands of the lower 

 Ohio basin. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, very close-grained, compact, susceptible of a high polish, containing few scattered, 

 open ducts, the rings of annual growth marked by one or more rows of similar ducts; medullary rays numerous, 

 conspicuous ; color, dark brown, or often nearly black, the thick sap-wood light brown, often containing numerous 

 darker spots; specific gravity of the sap-wood, 0.7908; ash, 0.96; used in turnery for shoe-lasts, plane-stocks, 

 etc., and preferred for shuttles; the dark heart- wood only developed in very old specimens and rarely seen. 



The yellow edible fruit exceedingly austere until after frost, then becoming sweet and luscious, or in the Gulf 

 states ripening in August without austerity ; sometimes used domestically, fermented with hops, corn-meal, or 

 wheat bran, as a beverage under the name of " simrnon beer". 



A decoction of the bitter and astringent unripe fruit and inner bark occasionally used in the treatment of 

 diarrhoea, sore throat, hemorrhage, etc. (B. R. Smith in Am. Jour. Pharm. October, 1846, 215. J. E. Bryan in same, 

 May, 1860, 215. U. S. Dispensatory, 14 ed. 380. Nat. Dispensatory, 2 ed. 514). 



