CATALOGUE OF FOREST TREES. 109 



RED ASH. 



New Brunswick to southern Ontario and northern Minnesota, .south to northern Florida and central Alabama. 



A tree 12 to 15 meters in height, with a trunk rarely exceeding 0.60 meter in diameter; borders of streams 

 and swamps, in low ground ; common and reaching its greatest development in the north Atlantic states ; rare 

 west of the Alleghany mountains, probably not extending west of the Mississippi river. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, brittle, coarse-grained, compact; medullary rays numerous, thin ; color, rich brown, 

 the sap-wood light brown streaked with yellow ; specific gravity, 0.6251 ; ash, 0.26 ; specific gravity of the lighter 

 sap-wood, 0.5609; somewhat used as a substitute for the more valuable white ash, with which it is often confounded. 



194. Fraxinus viridis, Michaux f. 



Hist. Arb. Am. iii, 115, t. 10; N. American Sylva, 3 oil. iii, 54, t. 120 (excl. fruit). Hayne, Dend. Fl. 222. Cooper in Smithsonian 

 Eep. 1858, 253. Chapman, Fl. S. States, :i70. Gray in Pacific R. R. Rep. xii*, 46 ; Manual N. States, 5 ed. 402 ; Hall's PI. Texas, 

 19; Syn.Fl. N.America, ii 1 , 75. Curtis iii Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 54. Lesquereux in Owen's 2d Rep. Arkansas, 

 382. Wood, Cl. Book, 598; Bot. & Fl. 277. Watson in King's Rep. v, 284. Yonng, Bot. Texas, 453. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 

 20. Macouu in Geological Rep. Canada, 1875-76, 207. Bell in Geological Rep. Canada, 1879-'80, 49. Hemsley, Bot. Am.-Cent. ii, 

 305. Burgess in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, vii, 95. 



F. juglandifolia, Willdenow, Spec, iv, 1104; Enum. 1060; Berl. Baumz. 140 [not Lamarck]. Vahl, Enum. i, 50. Pcrsoon, 

 Syn. ii, 604. Nouveau Duhamel, iv, 63, t. 16. Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2 ed. v, 476. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i, 9. Roemer 

 &Schultes, Syst. i, 278; iii, Suppl. 255. Eaton, Manual, 114. Sprengel, Syst. i, 95. Torrey, Compend. Fl. N. States, 

 371. Beck, Bot. 233. Don, Miller's Diet, iv, 55. London, Arboretum, ii, 1236, f. 1061, 1062 & t. Eaton & Wright, 

 Bot. 247. Gray, Manual N. States, 1 ed. 373. 



?F. Caroliniana, Willdeuow, Spec, iv, 1103; Enum. 1060; Berl. Baumz. 148. Vahl, Enum. i, 51. Du Roi, Harbk. 2 ed. 

 ij 400. Persoon, Syn. ii, 605. Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. i, 103. Nouveau Duhamel, iv, 62. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i, 9. 

 Nuttall, Genera, ii, 231. Elliott, Sk. ii, 673. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 223. Sprengel, Syst. i, 95. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 

 ' 148. Don, Miller's Diet, iv, 55. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 147. Darby, Bot. S. States, 429. 



F. juglandifolia, var. subintegerrima, Vahl, Enum. i, 50. 



F. expanm, Willdenow, Berl. Baumz. 150. Rcemer & Schultes, Syst. i, 279. Don, Miller's Diet, iv, 55. London, 

 Arboretum, ii, 1238. A. De Candolle, Prodr. viii, 278. Browne, Trees of America, 399. 



F. Americana, var. juglandifolia, Browne, Trees of America, 398. 



F. Novai- Anglim, Koch, Deudrologie, ii, 251 [not Miller nor Wangenheim] 



GREEN ASH. 



Shores of lake Champlain, Tiverton, Rhode Island, and southward to northern Florida, west to the valley of the 

 Saskatchewan, the eastern ranges of the Rocky mountains of Montana, the Wahsatch mountains of Utah, and the 

 ranges of eastern and northern Arizona. 



A tree 15 to 18 meters in height, with a trunk rarely exceeding 0.60 meter in diameter ; borders of streams or in 

 low, rather moist soil ; at the west confined to the bottom lands of the large streams and to high mountain canons. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, brittle, rather coarse-grained, compact, satiny, containing numerous scattered, small, 

 open ducts, the layers of annual growth marked by several rows of larger ducts ; medullary rays numerous, 

 obscure ; color, brown, the sap-wood lighter ; specific gravity, 0.7117 ; ash, 0.65; inferior iu quality, although often 

 used as a substitute for white ash. 



Var. Berlandieriana, Torrey, 



Bot. Mex. Boundary Survey, 166. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. America, ii 1 , 75. Hemsley, Bot. Am.-Cent. ii, 305. Watson in Proc. Am. Acad. 

 xviii, 113. 



F. Berlandieriana, De Candolle, Prodr. viii, 278. 



F. trialata, Buckley in Proc. Philadelphia Acad. 1862, 5. 



Texas, west of the Colorado river; southward into northern Mexico. 



A small tree, 9 to 12 meters in height, with a trunk rarely exceeding 0.30 meter in diameter; borders of streams, 



in low, rich soil. 



Wood light, soft, rather close-grained, compact, containing few small, scattered, open ducts, the layers of 

 annual growth clearly marked by one or two rows of larger ducts; medullary rays numerous, obscure; color, light 

 brown, the sap-wood lighter; specific gravity, 0.5780; ash, 0.54. 



