CATALOGUE OF FOREST TREES. 123 



224. Ulmus Americana, Lindens. 



Spec. led. 226. Kalm, Travels, English eil. ii, 298. Marshall, Arbustimi, 150. -Wangcuheim, Amer. 4f>. Gtertner, Fruct. i, 225, t. 49, 

 f. 5. Walter, Fl. Carol iniana, 111. Alton, Hort. Kew. i, 319; 2 c<l. ii. 107. Willdenow, Spec, i, 1325; Euum. 295 ; Suppl. 14 ; Berl. 

 I la 11 in/. 519. NouveauDuhamel, ii, 147. ScUkuhr, Handb. 179. Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. i, 173. Persoon, Syn. ii, 191. Desfontaiues, 

 Hist. Arb. ii, 442. Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii, 209, t. 4 ; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. iii, 67, t. 126. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i, 199. 

 Smith in Rees' Cycl. xxxix, No. 7. Eaton, Manual, HI : (i ed. 370. Barton, Compend. Fl. Philadelph. i, 150. Nuttall, Genera, i, 

 201. Rcemer & Schnltes, Syst. vi, 300. Elliott, 8k. i, 833. Hayne, Demi. Fl. 31. Torrey.Fl. U. S. 1,298; Compend. Fl. N. States, 

 I'M; Fl. N. York, ii, 165 ; Nicollet's Rep. 160: Emory's Rep. 412. Sprengel, Syst. i, 930. Beck, Bot. 333. London, Arboretnm, 

 iii, 1406, f. 1246. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Aui. ii, 142. Bigelow, Fl. Boston. 3 ed. 114. Dietrich, Syn. ii, 992. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 

 404. Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. x! ser. xv, :!64 ; Hist. Veg. xi, 108. Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 286; 2 ed. ii, 322 & t. Browne, 

 Trees of America, 499. 1'hinelion in Ann. Sci. Xat. 3 ser. x,268; Do Candolle., Prodr. xvii, 155. Scheele in Ra'mer, Texas, 446. 

 Walpors, Aim. iii, 424. Buckley in Am. Jour. Sci. 2 ser. xiii, 398. Richardson, Arctic Exped. 436. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica,3 

 ed. 255. Darby. Bot. S. States, 502. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 254. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 410. Curtis in Rep. 

 Geological Snrv. N. Carolina, iii, 1860, 55. Lesquereux in Owen's 2d Rep. Arkansas, 380. Wood, Cl. Book, 633 ; Bot. & Fl. 298. 

 Porcher, Resources S. Forests, 311. Eugelmann in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. new ser. xii, 208. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 442. Hall's 

 PI. Texas, 21. Kocb, Dendrologir, ii, 421. Young, Bot. Texas, 496. Winchell in Lmllow's Rep. Black Hills, 68. Vasey, Cat. 

 Forest Trees, 22. Haydon in Warren's Rep. Nebraska & Dakota, 2ed. 121. Macoun in Geological Rep. Canada, 1875-76,209. 

 Sears in Bull. Essex Inst. xiii, 177. Ridgway in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1882, 71. Bell in Geological Rep. Canada, 1879-'80, 48. 



U. mollifolia, Marshall, Arbustum, 156. 



U. Americana, var. pendula, Alton, Hort. Kew. i,320; 2 ed. ii, 107. Willdenow, Spec, i, 1326. Pursh, Fl. Am, Sept. i, 

 200. Eaton, Manual, 31. Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. 2 ser. xv, 364; Hist. Veg. xi, 109. 



U. Americana, var. alba, Alton, Hort. Kew. i, 320; 2ed. ii, 107. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 32. 



U. pendula, Willdenow, Berl. Baumz. 519. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 33. 



U. alba, Rafinesque, Fl. Ludoviciana, 115 ; New Fl. & Bot. i, 38. 



U. Americana, var. scabra, Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. 2 ser. xv, 364; Hist. Veg. ix, 109. Walpers.Ann. iii, 424. 



U. Americana, var. Bartramii, Walpers, Ann. iii, 424. 



U. Americana, var. ? aspera, Chapman, Fl. S. states, 416. 



U. Floridana, Chapman, Fl. S. States, 416. 



WHITE ELM. AMERICAN ELM. WATER ELM. 



Southern Newfoundland to the northern shores of lake Superior and the eastern slope of the Rocky mountains, 

 in about latitude 52 N. ; south to cape Canaveral and Pease creek, Florida, extending west in the United States 

 to the Black hills of Dakota, central Nebraska, the Indian territory, in about longitude 100 W., and the valley 

 of the Rio Concho, Texas. 



A large tree, 30 to 35 meters in height, with a trunk 1.80 to 2.70 meters in diameter; rich, moist soil, borders 

 of streams, etc.; toward its western and southwestern limits only in river bottoms. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, tough, rather coarse-grained, compact, difficult to split; layers of annual growth 

 clearly marked by several rows of large open ducts; medullary rays numerous, thin; color, light brown, the sap- 

 wood somewhat lighter; specific gravity, 0.6506; ash, 0.80; largely used for wheel stock, saddle-trees, flooring, in 

 eooperage, and now largely exported to Great Britain and used in boat- and ship-building. 



225. Ulmus racemosa, Thomas, 



Am. Jour. Sci. 1 ser. xix, 170 & t. Beck, Bot, 334. Eaton, Manual, ed. 370. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 464. Nuttall, Sylva, i, 37, 

 t. 12; 2 ed. i, 53, t. 12. Torrey, Fl. N. York, ii, 166, t. 96. Browne, Trees of America, 500. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 

 254. Wood, Cl. Book, 633 ; Bot. &. Fl. 299. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 442. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 22. Sargent in Rep. 

 Massachusetts Board Ag. 1873, 271. Boll iii Geological Rep. Canada, 1879-'80, 55 C . Chapman, Fl. S. States, Suppl. 649. 



U. Americana, Planchon in De Candolle, Prodr. xvii, 155, in part. 



ROCK ELM. CORK ELM. HICKORY ELM. WHITE ELM. CLIFF ELM. 



Southwestern Vermont (Robbing), west through western New York, Ontario, and southern Michigan to 

 northeastern Iowa(Waverly, Beascy), and south through Ohio to central Kentucky. 



A large tree of great economic value, 20 to 30 meters in height, with a trunk sometimes 0.90 meter in diameter; 

 low, wet cliiy, rich uplands, rocky declivities, or river cliffs ; common and reaching its greatest development in 

 southern Ontario and the southern peninsula of Michigan. 



