124 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



Wood heavy, hard, very strong, tough, very close-grained, compact, susceptible of a beautiful polish ; layers 

 of annual growth marked with one to two rows of small open ducts; medullary rays numerous, .obscure ; color, 

 light clear brown often tinged with red, the thick sap-wood much lighter; specific gravity, 0.7263 ; ash, 0.60; 

 largely used in the manufacture of heavy agricultural implements, wheel stock, and for railway ties, bridge timbers, 

 sills, etc. 



226. Ulmus alata, Michaux, 



Fl. Bor.-Am. i, 17I5. Persoon, Syn. i, 291. Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii, 275, t. 5; N. American Sylva. 3 ed. iii, 71, t. 127. Pursh, 

 Fl. Am. Sept. i, 200. Nuttall, Geuera, i, 201. Rcemer & Schultes, Syst. vi, 209. Elliott, Sk. i, 333. Sprengel, Syst. i, 931. 

 Audubon, Birds, t. 18. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 376. London, Arboretum, iii, 1408, f. 1248. Dietrich, Syn. ii, 992. Eaton & Wright, 

 Bot. 464. Penn. Cycl. xxv, 493. Browne, Trees of America, 502. Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. 3 ser. x, 270 ; De Candolle, Prodr. 

 xvii, 155. Walpers, Ann. iii, 425. Darby, Bot. S. States, 503. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 254. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 

 417. Curtis in Rep. Geological Snrv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 55. Lesquereux in Owen's 2d Rep. Arkansas, 386. Wood, Cl. Book, 

 633; Bot. & Fl. 299. Porcher, Resources S. Forests, 311. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 443; Hall's PI. Texas, 21. Young, Bot. 

 Texas, 496. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 22. Broadhead in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, iii, 60. Ridgway in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 70. 



U. pumila, Walter, Fl. Caroliniana, 111 [not, Linnteus]. 



U. Americana, var. alata, Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. 2 ser. XT, 364 ; Hist. Veg. xi, 109. 



WAHOO. WINGED ELM. 



Southern Virginia, south through the middle districts to the Chattahoochee region of western Florida ; southern 

 Indiana and Illinois, south to the Gulf coast, and southwest through southern Missouri, Arkansas, the eastern 

 portions of the Indian territory to the valley of the Trinity river, Texas. 



A small tree, 7 to 12 meters in height, with a trunk 0.30 to O.GO meter in diameter ; generally in dry, gravelly 

 soil, or, rarely, along the borders of swamps and river bottoms ; most common and reaching its greatest development 

 in southern Missouri and Arkansas. 



Wood heavy, hard, not strong, very close-grained, compact, unwedgeable; medullary rays distant, not 

 conspicuous ; color, brown, the sap-wood lighter ; specific gravity, 0.7491 ; ash, 0.99 ; largely used for hubs, 

 blocks, etc. 



227. Planera aquatica, Gmelin, 



Syst. ii, 150. Willdenow, Spec, iv, 967 ; Enum. Snppl. 14 ; Berl. Baumz. 281. Persoou, Syn. i, 291. Nuttall, Genera, i, 202. Hayne, 

 Dend. Fl. 202. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 266. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 360. Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. 2 ser. xv, 355 ; Hist. Veg. xi, 116. 

 Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. 3 ser. x, 261 ; De Caudolle, Prodr. xvii, 167. Walpers, Ann. iii, 428. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 

 254. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 417. Wood, Cl. Book, 633-^Bot. & Fl. 299. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 443. Koch, Dendrologie, 

 ii, 424. Young, Bot. Texas, 497. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 23. 



Anonymos aquatica, Walter, Fl. Caroliniana, 230. 



P. Gmelini, Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 248. Desfontaiues, Hist. Arb. ii, 446. Rffimer & Schultes, Syst. vi, 305. Elliott, Sk. 

 i, 334. Sprengel, Syst. i,493. Dietrich, Syn. i, 551. Penn. Cycl. xxv, 490. Darby, Bot. S. States, 503. 



P. ulmifolia t Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii, 283, t. 7; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. iii, 80, t. 130. Poiret, Suppl. iv, 429. 

 Nouveau Duhamel, vii, 05, t. 21. London, Arboretum, iii, 1413, f. 1251. Browne, Trees of America, 515. Curtis in Rep. 

 Geological Surv. N. Carolina, iii, 1860, 81. 



? Ulmus nemoralis, Alton, Hort. Kew. i, 319; 2 ed. ii, 108. Willdenow, Spec, i, 1326; Berl. Baumz. 520. Desfontaines, Hist. 

 Arb. ii, 442. Pnrsh, Fl. Am. Sept. i, 200. Smith in Rees' Cycl. xxxix, No. 8. Nuttall, Genera, i, 201. Beck, Bot. 334. 

 Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 376. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 464. 



Ulmus aquatica, Rafinesque, Fl. Ludoviciana, 165. 



P. Bicliardi, Sprengel, Syst. i, 493, in part. Torrey & Gray in Pacific R. R. Rep. ii, 175 [not Michaux]. 



Valley of the Cape Fear river, North Carolina, south to the Chattahoochee region of western Florida, and 

 through central Alabama and Mississippi to western Louisiana and the valley of the Trinity river, Texas, extending 

 north through Arkansas and southern Missouri to the valley of the lower Wabash river and central Kentucky. 



A small tree, 9 to 12 meters in height, with a trunk 0.30 to 0.60 meter in diameter ; cold, deep, inundated 

 river swamps; rare in the Atlantic and eastern Gulf states; very common and reaching its greatest development 

 in the Red River valley and southern Arkansas. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, close-grained, compact, containing few scattered open ducts; medullary rays 

 numerous, thin; color, light brown, the sap-wood nearly white; specific gravity, 0.5294; ash, 0.45. 



