128 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



BED MULBERRY. 



Western New England and Long Island, New York, west through southern Ontario and central Michigan to 

 the Black hills of Dakota, eastern Nebraska and Kansas, south to bay Biscayne and cape Romano, Florida, and 

 the valley of the Colorado river, Texas. 



A large tree, 18 to 20 meters in height, with a trunk 0.90 to 1.20 meter or, exceptionally, 2.15 meters in 

 diameter (P. J. Bercfanans, Augusta, Georgia); generally in rich bottom lands; most common and reaching its 

 greatest development in the basins of the lower Ohio and the Mississippi rivers. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, rather tough, coarse-grained, compact, very durable in contact with the soil, 

 satiny, susceptible of a good polish; layers of annual growth clearly marked by several rows of large open ducts; 

 medullary rays numerous, thin; color, light orange-yellow, the sap-wood lighter; specific gravity, 0.5898; ash, 0.71; 

 largely used in fencing, cooperage, for snaths, and at the south in ship- and boat-building. 



The large dark purple fruit sweet and edible. 



233. Morus microphylla, Buckley, 

 Proc. Philadelphia Acad. 1862, 8. Gray in Proc. Philadelphia Acad. 1862, 167. Young, Bot. Texas, 494. 



M. parvifolia, Engelmann in herb. Gray, Hall's PI. Texas, 21. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 22. Riley in Special Rep. U. 8. 

 Dept.Ag.No.il, 34. 



MEXICAN MULBERRY. 



Valley of the Colorado river, through western Texas to the valley of the Gila river, New Mexico; and 

 southward into Mexico. 



A small tree, sometimes 7 meters in height, with a trunk rarely 0.30 meter in diameter, or often reduced to a 

 low shrub; most common and reaching its greatest development in the mountain canons of southern New Mexico; 

 in Texas generally on limestone formations. 



Wood heavy, hard, close-grained, compact; layers of annual growth marked with several rows of small open 

 ducts; medullary rays numerous, thin; color, orange or, rarely, dark brown, the sap-wood light yellow; specific 

 gravity, 0.7715; ash, 0.68. 



The small acid fruit hardly edible. 



234. Maclura aurantiaca, Nuttall, 



^ 



Genera, ii, 234; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2 ser.v, 169; Sylva, i, 126, t. 37, 38; 2 ed.i, 140, t.37, 38. James in Long's Exped. ii, 158. 

 Delile in Bull. Soc. Ag. Her. 1835 & t. Eatou, Manual, 6 ed. 217. Seringe in Mem. Soc. Ag. Lyon, 1835,125 & t; Descr. & 

 Cult, du Mur. 232, t. 273. Lambert, Pinus, 2 ed. ii, Appx. 4, t. 3. London, Arboretum, iii, 1342, 1362, f. 1226-1228; Gard. Mag. xi, 312, 

 f. 45-47. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 311. Spach, Hist. Veg. xi, 53. Browne, Trees of America, 465. Darby, Bot. S. States, 504. 

 Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 254. Miquel in Martins, PI. Brasil. iv, 158. Wood, Cl. Book, 635; Bot. & Fl. 299. Porcher, 

 Resources S. Forests, 101. Koch, Deudrologie, ii, 437. Bureau in De Candolle, Prodr. xvii, 227. Dumen in Proc. California Acad. 

 v, 398. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 22. Guibonrt, Hist. Drogues, 7 ed. ii, 325. Riley in Special Rep. U. S. Dept. Ag. No. 11, 35. 



Toxylon Maclura, Rafinesque, New Fl. & Bot. i, 43 ; Am. Manual Mulberry Trees, 13. 

 loxylon pomiferum, Rafinesque in Am. Monthly Mag. and Crit. Rev. ii, 118. 

 Broussonetia tinctoria, Torrey in Ann. Lye. N. York, ii, 246 [not Kunth]. 



OSAGE ORANGE. BOIS D'ARC. 



Southwestern Arkansas, south of the valley of the Arkansas river, southeastern portions of the Indian 

 territory, and southward in northern Texas to about latitude 32 50' N. (Dallas, Reverchon, etc.). 



A tree, sometimes 15 to 18 meters in height, with a trunk rarely exceeding 0.60 meter in diameter; rich bottom 

 lauds; most common and probably reaching its greatest development along the valley of the Red river in the Indian 

 territory. 



Wood heavy, exceedingly hard, very strong, flexible, close-grained, compact, very durable iu contact with the 

 ground, satiny, susceptible of a beautiful polish, containing numerous small open ducts, layers of annual growth 

 clearly marked by broad bands of larger ducts; medullary rays thin, numerous, conspicuous; color, bright orange, 

 turning brown with exposure, the sap-wood light yellow; specific gravity, 0.7736; ash, 0.68; largely used for fence 

 posts, paving blocks, railway ties, wheel stock; extensively planted for hedges, especially in the western states. 



