CATALOGUE OF FOREST TREES. 139 



Q. alba minor, Marshall, Arbustum, 120. Muhlenberg & Willdenow in Neue Schriften Gesell. Nat. Fr. Berlin, iii, 395. 



Q. Stellata, Wangenheim, Amer. 78, t. 6, f. 15. Abbot, Insects Georgia, ii, t. 77. Willdenow, Spec, iv, 452; Enum,977; Berl. 

 Baumz. 349. Persoon, Syu. ii, 570. Alton, Hort. Kew.2ed. v, 294. Nouvcau Duliaiiifl, vii. 180. Haynn, Demi. Fl. 

 161. Nuttall, Sylva, i, 13; 2 ed. i, 23. Spach, Hist. Veg. xi, 150. Emerson, Trees .Massachusetts, 133, t. 3; 2 ed. i, 151 &, 

 t. A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi s , 22. Koeh, Dendrologie, iii, 52. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 25. Engelmaun in Trans. St. 

 Louis Acad. iii, 389. Ridgway in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 84. Watson in Proc. Am. Acad, xviii, 156. 



t Q. Villosa, Walter, Fl. Caroliniana, 235. 



Q. lobulata, Abbot, Insects Georgia, i, 47. 



f Q. Drummondii, Liebmanu in Dansk. Videusk. Selsk. Forhandl. 1854, 170. A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi, 24. 



Q. obtusiloba, var. parvifolia, Chapman, Fl. S. States, 423. 



Q. stellata, var. Floridana, A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi a , 22. 



POST OAK. IEON OAK. 



Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, south to northern Florida, west through southern Ontario and Michigan to 

 eastern Nebraska, Kansas, the Indiau territory, and extending to the one hundredth meridian in central Texas. 



A tree rarely exceeding 24 meters in height, with a trunk 0.90 to 1.50 meter in diameter, or on the Florida 

 coast reduced to a low shrub (var. parvifolia, etc.) ; dry, gravelly uplands, clay barrens, or in the southwest on 

 Cretaceous formations; the most common and widely-distributed oak of the Gulf states west of the Mississippi 

 river, forming the principal growth of the Texas "cross-timbers." 



Wood heavy, hard, close-grained, compact, checking badly in drying, very durable in contact with the soil; 

 layers of annual growth marked by one to three rows of not large open ducts; medullary rays numerous, 

 conspicuous; color, dark or light brown, the sap-wood lighter; specific gravity, 0.8367; ash, 0.79; largely used, 

 especially in the southwest, for fencing, railway ties, and fuel, and somewhat for carriage stock, cooperage, 

 construction, etc. 



255. Quercus undulata, var. Gambelii, Engelmaun, 

 Wheeler's Rep. vi, 249. 



Q. Gambelii, Nuttall*n Jour. Philadelphia Acad. new ser. i, 179. Torrey in Sitgreaves' Rep. 172, 1. 18 ; Bot. Mex. Boundary 

 Survey, 205. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 260. Liebtnann, Chenes Am. Trop. 22, t. 40, f. 1. Hemsley, Bot. 

 Am. -Cent, iii, 171. 



Q. alba, var. fGunnisonii, Torrey in Pacific R. R. Rep. ii, 130. Watson in King's Rep. v, 321. Porter in Hayden's Rep. 

 1871, 493. Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colorado ; Hayden's Surv. Misc. Pub. No. 4, 127. Maconn in Geological Rep. Canada, 

 1875-76, 209. 



Q. Douglasii, var. Gambelii, A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 23. 



Q. stellata, var. Utahensis, A. Do Caudolle, Prodr. xvi*, 22. 



f Q. Emoryi, Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colorado ; Hayden's Surv. Misc. Pub. No. 4, 127 [not Torrey]. 



r 

 SCRUB OAK. 



Near the mouth of the Pecos river (Havard), through the mountains of western Texas, and New Mexico to the 

 Sauta Catalina (Lemmon, Pringle) and San Francisco mountains, Arizona, eastern slopes of the Eocky mountains 

 of Colorado north to the valley of the Platte river, and through the Wahsatch mountains of Utah. 



A small tree, rarely 15 meters in height, with a trunk sometimes 0.00 meter in diameter, or often a low shrub 

 spreading from underground shoots and forming dense thickets, reaching its greatest development on the high 

 mountains of southern New Mexico and Arizona; the large specimens generally hollow and defective. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, that of young trees quite tough, close-grained, checking badly in drying ; layers of 

 annual growth marked by few not large open ducts ; medullary rays numerous, conspicuous ; color, rich dark 

 brown, the sap-wood lighter ; specific gravity, 0.8407 ; ash, 0.99 ; largely used for fuel, and in Utah the bark in 

 tanning. 



