142 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



260. Quercus Prinus, Liuna-us, 



Spec. 1 ed. 995. Du Eoi, Harbk. ii, 276, t. 6, f. 3. Lamarck, Diet, i, 720. Marshal), Arbustum, 125. Wangenhcim, Amer. 15, t. 4, f.. 

 8. Alton, Hort. Kew. iii, 356; 2 ed. v, 290. Mcrncb, Meth. 348. Abbot, Insects Georgia, ii, t. 82. Muhlenberg & Willdenow 

 in Neue Schrifteu Gesell. Nat. Fr. Berlin, iii, 397. Jlidiaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 1<15. Willdenow, Spec, iv, 439; Enum. 975; Berl. 

 Baumz. 339. Smith in Rees' Cycl. xxx, No. 47. Persoon, Syu. ii. 508. Desfontaiues, Hist. Arb, ii, 509. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 

 633. Barton, Compend. Fl. Philadelph. ii, 171. Nuttall, Genera, ii, 215. Nouveau Duhamel, vii, 164. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 155. 

 Elliott, Sk. ii, 608. Sprengel, Syst. iii, 85'J. Torrey, Compeud. Fl. N. States, 359. Audubon, Birds, t. 50, 131. Beck, Bot. 331. 

 Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 294. London, Arboretum, iii, 1872. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 385. Spach, Hist. Veg. xi, 157. Penu. Cycl. xix, 

 216. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed.2u'~. Darby, Bot. S. States, 511. Cooper in Smithsonian Eep. 1858,255. Chapman, Fl. S. 

 States, 423. Lesqnereux in Owen's 2d Rep. Arkansas, 3r-7. Wood, Cl. Book, 645; Bot. & Fl. 306. Porcher, Resources S. Forests, 

 264. A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 21. Orsted in Saerskitt. Ai'tryk. nf. Nat. For. Viden. Meddelt, Nos. 1-fi, 67. Gray, Manual N. 

 States, 5 ed. 451. Young, Bot. Texas, 5015. Koch, Dendrologie, ii 2 , 48. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 25. Engelmann in Trans. St. 

 Louis Acad. iii, 390. 



Q. Prinus, var. monticola, Michaux, Hist. Chenes Am. No. 5, t. 7; Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 196. Michaiix f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii, 55, 

 t. 8 ; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. i, 46, t. 9. Barton, Prodr. Fl. Philadelph. 91. London, Arboretum, iii, 1873, f. 1736. 

 Spach, Hist. Veg. xi, 158. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 255. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 424. Curtis iu Rep. 

 Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 34. Wood, Cl. Book, 646. A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi-, 21. Gray, Manual 1C. 

 States, 5 ed. 451. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 25. Bailey in Am. Nat. xiv, 892, f. 1-4. 



Q. montana, Willdenovr, Spec, iv, 440; Enum. 975; Berl. Baumz. 340. Persoon, Syn.ii, 569. Smith in Rees' Cycl. xxx,. 

 No. 49. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 634. Eaton, Manual, 107, 6 ed. 294. Barton, Compend. Fl. Philadelph. ii, 172. 

 Nuttall, Genera, ii, 216. Nouveau Duhamel, vii, 165, t. 47, f. 2. Hayne, Deud. Fl. 156. Elliott, Sk. ii, 009. Sprcngol, 

 Syst. iii, 860. Torrey, Compend. Fl. N. States, 354; Fl. N. York, ii, 192. Beck, Bot. 331. Bigclow, Fl. Boston. 3 ed. 

 377. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 385. Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 138, t. 6; 2 ed. i, 156 & t. Gray, Manual N. States, 

 1 ed. 414. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed. 266. Darby, Bot. S. States, 511. Lesquereux in Owen's 2d Rep. Arkansas, 

 387. Porcher, Resources S. Forests, 263. Burgess in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, vii, 95. 



Q. Prinus, var. lata, Alton, Hort. Kew. 2 ed. v, 290. 



Q. CdStanea, Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 137, t. 5 ; 2 ed. i, 155 & t. [not Muhlenberg & Willdenow]. 



CHESTNUT OAK. ROCK CHESTNUT OAK. 



Blue hills, eastern Massachusetts, west to the shores of lake Champlain, shores of Quinte" bay, Ontario 

 (Macoun), and the valley of the Genesee river, Kew York, south to Delaware, and through the Alleghany Mountain 

 region to northern Alabama, extending west to central Kentucky and Tennessee. 



A tree 24 to 30 meters in height, with a trunk 0.90 to 1.20 meter iu diameter; rocky banks and hillsides; very 

 common and reaching its greatest development in the southern Alleghany region, here often forming a large- 

 portion of the forest growth. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, rather tough, close-grained, inclined to check in drying, durable in contact with 

 the soil, containing few open ducts; medullary rays very broad, conspicuous; color, dark brown, the sap-wood 

 lighter; specific gravity, 0.7499 ; ash, 0.77 ; largely used in fencing, for railway ties, etc. 



The bark, rich in tannin, is largely used in preference to that of other North American white oaks iu tanning 

 leather. 



261. Quercus prinoides, Willdenow, 



None Schrifteu Gesell. Nat. Fr. Berlin, iii, 397; Spec, iv, 440. Persoon, Syn. ii, 569. Poiret, Suppl. ii, 219. Nouveau Dnhamel, 

 vii, 166. Torrey, Fl. N. York, ii, 193, 1. 109. Gray, Manual N. States, 1 ed. 415. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed. 267. Chapman, 

 Fl. S. States, 424. Curtis in Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, I860, iii, 35. Lesquereux in Owen's 2d Rep. Arkansas, 387. 

 Wood, Cl. Book, 646. Koch, Dendrologie, ii 2 , 49. Young, Bot. Texas, 506. Engelmann iu Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii, 391. 



Q. Prinus humilis, Marshall, Arbustum, 125. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 452. 



Q. CdStanea, Muhlenberg & Willdenow in None Schriften Gesell. Nat. Fr. Berlin, iii, 396 [not Ne'e]. Willdenow, Spec, iv, 441 ; 

 Enum. 976; Berl. Baumz. 341. Persoon, Syn. ii, 569. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 634. Smith in Rees 1 Cycl. xxx, No. 51. 

 Poiret, Suppl. ii, 219. Eaton, Manual, 107; 6 ed. 294. Barton, Compend. Fl. Philadelph. ii, 172. Nnttall, Genera, ii,. 

 216. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 156. Elliott, Sk. ii, 610. Sprengel, Syst. iii, 860. Torrey, Compend. Fl.N. States, 354; Fl.N.. 

 York, ii, 193. Beck, Bot. 331. Eaton & Wright, Bot, 385. Gray, Manual N. States, 1 ed. 415. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 

 3 ed. 267. Darby, Bot. S. States, 511. Brendel in Trans. Illinois Ag. Soc. iii, 619, t. 4. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 424. 

 Curtis in Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 34. Lesqnereux in Owen's 2d Rep. Arkansas, 387. Wood, Cl. 

 Book, 646. Orsted in Saerskitt. Aftryk. af. Nat. For. Viden. Meddelt. Nos. 1-6, 1866, 68. Liebinann, Chenes Am. Trop, 

 t. H, K. & 33, f. 31, 32. Young, Bot. Texas, 506. 



Q. Prinus, var. acuminata, Michaux, Hist. Cbfines Am. No. 5, t. 8 ; Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 196. Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii, 61, t. 

 9; N.American Sylva, 3 ed. i, 49, 1. 10. Nouveau Duhamel, vii, 167. Loudon, Arboretum, iii, 1875, f. 1637. Cooper in, 

 Smithsonian Rep.'l858, 255. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 306. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 451. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 25. 



Q. Prinus pumila, Michaux, Hist, Cheues Am. No. 5, t. 9, f. 1 ; Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 196. Loudon, Arboretum, iii, 1875, f. 1738. 



