144 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



WHITE OAK. 



California, foot-bills of the San Gabriel mountains, and in San Diego county (here occupying a narrow belt, 30 

 miles iu width some 30 miles from the coast, Parish Brothers) ; foot-hills of the mountain ranges of southern Arizona 

 and New Mexico ; southward into Mexico. 



A small evergreen tree, 12 to 15 meters in height, with a trunk 0.45 to 0.60 meter in diameter ; the large 

 specimens generally hollow and defective. 



Wood very heavy, hard, strong, brittle, very close-grained, checking badly in drying ; layers of annual growth 

 hardly distinguishable, containing few small open ducts arranged in many groups parallel to the bread and very 

 conspicuous medullary rays ; color, very dark brown or almost black, the thick sap-wood brown ; specific gravity, 

 0.9441 ; ash, 2.G1 ; of little economic value except as fuel. 



264. Quercus grisea, Liebmann, 



Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Forbandl. 1854, 13 ; Chenes Am. Trop. t. 46, f. 1, 2. A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 35. Srsted in Saerskitt. 

 Aftryk. af. Nat. For. Viden. Meddelt. Nos. 1-6, 1866, 69. Ensby in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, ix, 78. Watson in Proc. Am. Aoad. 

 xviii, 156. 



Q. pungens, Liebmann in Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Forbandl. 1854,13; Chenes Am. Trop. 22, t. 45, f. 1-3. A. De Candolle, 

 Prodr. xvi 2 , 36. Orsted in Saerskitt. Aftryk. af. Nat. For. Viden. Meddelt. Nos. 1-6,69. Rusby in Bull. Torrey Bot. 

 Club ix, 78. 



Q. Undulata, var. grisea, Engelmaun in Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii, 382 ; Wheeler's Rep. vi, 250. 



Q. Undulata, var. pungens, Engelmann in Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii, 392 ; Wheeler's Rep. vi, 250 ; Bot. California, ii, 96. 

 Palmer in Am. Nat. xii, 596. 



Q. Undulata, var. Wrightii, Engelmann in Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii, 382, 392. 



WHITE OAK. 



Mountains of southern Colorado and western Texas (Havard), southern New Mexico and Arizona from 5,000 to 

 10,000 feet elevation, west to the Colorado desert of California; southward into northern Mexico. 



A tree 15 to 24 meters in height, with a trunk rarely exceeding O.GO meter in diameter, or reduced to a low, 

 much-branched shrub ; a polymorphous species, varying greatly in habit and in the shape and texture of the leaves, 

 but apparently well characterized by its connate cotyledons ; the large specimens generally hollow and defective. 



Wood very heavy, strong, hard, close-grained, checking badly in drying; layers of annual growth marked by 

 one or two rows of small open ducts, these connected by rows of similar ducts parallel to the numerous conspicuous 

 medullary rays; color, very dark brown, the thick sap-wood much lighter; specific gravity, 1.0092; ash, 1.82. 



265. Quercus reticulata, Humboldt & Bonpland, 



PI. ^Equin. ii, 40, t. 86. Poiret, Suppl. v, 609. Sprengel, Syst. iii, 860. Loudon, Arboretum, iii, 1944, f. 1865. Michaux f. N. 

 American Sylva, 3 ed. i, 90. A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 33. Orsted in Saerskitt. Aftryk. af. Nat. For. Viden. Meddelt. Nos. 1-6, 

 67. Liebmann, Chenes Am. Trop. t, H, t. 34, f. 10-16, t. 35, f. 15-22. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 26. Engelmann in Trans. St. 

 Louis Acad. iii, 383; Wheeler's Rep. vi, 250. Hemsley, Bot. Am.-Cent. iii. 176. Watson in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii, 156.1 



Q. spicata, Humbolt & Bonpland, PI. ^Equin. ii, 46, t. 89. Beutham, PI. Hartweg. No. 429. 



Q. decipiens, Martens & Galeotti in Bull. Brux. v, 10. 



f Q. reticulata, Var. Qreggil, A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi, 34. Hemsley, Bot. Am.-Cent. iii, 176. 



Southeastern Arizona, San Francisco and Santa Eita mountains from 7,000 to 10,000 feet elevation ; southward 

 into northern Mexico. 



A small tree, 9 to 12 meters in height, with a trunk 0.30 to 0.45 meter in diameter ; dry, gravelly slopes. 



Wood very heavy, hard, close-grained, checking badly in drying, containing many small, scattered, open 

 ducts; medullary rays numerous, very broad ; color, dark brown, the sap-wood lighter; specific gravity, 0.9479 ; 

 ash, 0.52. 



