146 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



268. Quercus chrysolepis, Lielimann, 



Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl. 1854, 173 ; Cheues Am. Trop. 23, t. 47. Torrey, Bot. Mex. Boundary Survey, 206; Bot. Wilkes Exped. 

 458. Cooper in Smithsonian Eep. 1858, 260. Kellogg in Proc. California Acad. ii, 45. A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 37. Bolander 

 in Proc. California Acad. iii, 231. Orsted in Saerskitt. Aftryk. af. Nat. For. Videu. Meddelt. Nos. 1-6, 1866, 69. Vasey, Cat. Forest 

 Trees, 25. Engelmann in Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii, 383, 393; Wheeler's Rep. vi, 374; Bot. California, ii. 97. Watson in Proc. Am. 

 Acad. xi, 119. Palmer in Am. Nat. xii, 596. 



Q. fulvescena, Kellogg in Proc. California Ac-ail, i, (i7, 71. Newberry in Pacific R. R. Rep. vi, 27, 89. 



Q. craSS'ipOCUla, Torrey in Pacific R. R. Rep. iv, 137 ; v, 3(i. r >, t. St. 



f Q. oblongifolia, R. Brown Campst. in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. April, 1871, 4 [not Torrey]. 



LIVE OAK. MAUL OAK. VALPARAISO OAK. 



Cow Creek valley, Oregon, south through the California Coast ranges and along the western slopes of the 

 Sierra Nevada and San Bernardino mountains between 3,000 and 8,000 feet elevation, and south into Lower 

 California; southeastern Arizona, San Francisco (Greene) and Santa Catalina mountains (Pringle). 



An evergreen tree of great economic value, 18 to 27 meters in height, with a trunk sometimes 1.50 meter in 

 diameter, or at high elevations reduced to a low, narrow-leaved shrub (var. vaccinifolia, Engelmann in Trans. St. 

 Louis Acad. iii, 393; Sot. California, ii, 97. Q. vaccinifolia, Kellogg in Trans. California Acad. ii, 96). 



Wood heavy, very strong and hard, tough, close-grained, compact, difficult to work, containing many rather 

 small open ducts arranged in wide bands parallel to the broad, conspicuous medullary rays; color, light brown, 

 the sap-wood darker; specific gravity, 0.8493; ash, O.CO; somewhat used in the manufacture of agricultural 

 implements, wagons, etc. ; the most valuable oak of the Pacific forests. 



269. Quercus Emoryi, Torrey, 



Emory's Rep. 151, t. 9; Bot. Mex. Boundary Survey, 206; Pacific R. R. Rep. iv, 138; Ives' Rep. 28. Watson in PI. Wheeler, 17. 

 Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 26. Engelmann in Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii, 382, 387, 394; Wheeler's Rep. vi. 250. Palmer in Am. 

 Nat. xii, 596. Hemsley, Bot. Am.-Cent. iii, 170. 



Q. hastata, Liebmann in Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl. 1854, 13; Chenes Am. Trop. 22. A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 

 36. Orated in Saerskitt. Aftryk. af. Nat. For. Viden. Meddelt. Nos. 1-6, 1866, 69. 



BLACK OAK. 



i 



Bexar and Coinal counties, Texas, through the mountain ranges of western Texas, of southern New Mexico, and 

 of eastern and southern Arizona. 



A tree 12 to 15 meters in height, with a trunk 0.30 to 0.90 meter in diameter, or toward its eastern limits in 

 Texas reduced to a low shrub ; common and reaching its greatest development in southwestern New Mexico and 

 southern Arizona between 5,000 and 7,000 feet elevation near streams in open canons; dry, gravelly soil, the large 

 specimens hollow and defective. 



Wood very heavy, not hard, strong, brittle, close-grained, compact ; layers of annual growth marked by several 

 rows of small open ducts, these connected by narrow groups of similar ducts parallel to the broad, conspicuous 

 medullary rays; color, dark brown or almost black, the thick sap-wood bright brown tinged with red; specific 

 gravity, 0.9263; ash, 2.36. 



270. Quercus agrifolia, Ne'e, 



Ann. Cienc. Nat. iii, 271. Fischer, Misc. Hisp. i, 108. Willdenow, Spec, iv, 431. Persoon, Syn. ii, 568. Smith in Rees' Cycl. xxx, 

 No. 29. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 627. Nuttall, Genera, ii, 214; Sylva. i, 5, t. 2: 2 ed. i, 16, t. 2. Nonveau Dnhamel, vii, 156. 

 Sprengel, Syst. iii, 859. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 292. London, Arboretum, iii, 1894. Bentham, PL Hartweg. 337; Bot. Sulphur, 

 55. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 384. Hooker, Icon, iv, t. 377. Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Beechey, 391. Jour. Hort. Soc. London, vi, 

 157 & t. Carriore in Fl. des Serres, vii, 137 & f. Torrey in Sitgreaves' Rep. 173; Pacific R. R. Rep. iv, 138; v, 305; vii, 20; Bot. 

 Mex. Boundary Survey, 206; Ives' Rep. 28; Bot. Wilkes Exped. 460. Paxton's Brit. Flower Gard. ii, 44. Newberry in Pacific 

 R. R. Rep. vi, 32, f. 9. Bolander in Proc. California Acad. iii, 229. A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 37. Orsted in Saerskitt. Aftryk. 

 af. Nat. For. Viden. Meddelt. Nos. 1-6, 1866, 69. Liebmann, Cheues Am. Trop. t. 44. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 25. Engelmann 

 in Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii, 383; Wheeler's Rep. vi, 374; Bot. California, ii, 98. Hemsley, Bot. Am.-Cent. iii, 167. 



Q. oxyadenia, Torrey in Sitgreaves' Rep. 172, 1. 17. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 261. 

 Q. acutiglandis, Kellogg in Proc. California Acad. i,25. 



