CATALOGUE OF FOREST TREES. 147 



BNCENO. COAST LIVE OAK. 



California, Mendocino county, south through the Coast Range valleys to Lower California. 



A large evergreen tree, 24 to 30 meters in height, with a trunk 1.20 to 2.10 meters in diameter, or, rarely, reduced 

 to a low shrub (var. frutescens, Engelmann in Bot. California, ii, 98); rare at the north; common south of San 

 Francisco bay, and the largest and most generally distributed oak in the extreme southwestern part of the state; 

 dry slopes and ridges. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, brittle, close-grained, compact; layers of annual growth hardly distinguishable, 

 containing many large open ducts arranged in several rows parallel to the broad, conspicuous medullary rays ; 

 color, light brown or red, the sap-wood darker brown; specific gravity, 0.8253;' ash, 1.28; of little value except 

 as fuel. 



271. Quercus Wislizeni, A. DeCandolle, 



Prodr. xvi' 2 , 67. Orsted in Saerskitt. Aftryk. af. Nat. For. Viden. Meddelt. Nos. 1-6, 1866, 73. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 27. 

 Engelmann in Trans. St. Louie Acad. iii, 385, 396; Bot. California, ii, 98. 



Q. Morehus, Kellogg in Proc. California Acad. ii, :if>. 



LIVE OAK. 



California, mount Shasta region, south along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevadas to Tulare county, and 

 in the Coast ranges south to the Santa Lucia mountains. 



An evergreen tree, 15 to 18 meters in height, with a trunk 0.90 to 1.80 ineter iu diameter, or toward its 

 northeastern limits reduced to a shrub 0.90 to 3 meters in height (var. frutescens, Engelmann in Bot. California, ii, 

 99) ; not common. 



Wood heavy, very hard, strong, close-grained, compact, containing numerous large open ducts arranged in 

 irregular bauds parallel to the broad, conspicuous medullary rays; color, light brown tinged with red, the sap- 

 wood lighter; specific gravity, 0.7855; ash, 1.02. 



272. Quercus rubra, Limneus, 



Spec. 1 ed. 996. Dn Roi, Harbk. ii, 265. Lamarck, Diet, i, 720. Walter, Fl. Caroliniana, 234. Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii, 357; 2 ed. v, 

 292. Mcench, Meth. 348. Abbot, Insects Georgia, ii, t. 103. Michaux, Hist. Chenes No. 2, t. 35, 36 ; Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 200. 

 Willdenow, Spec, iv, 445: Enum. 976; Berl. Banmz. 342. Smith in Rees' Cycl. xxx, No. 60. Persoon, Syn. ii, 569. Desfontaines, 

 Hist. Arb. ii, 511. Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii, 126, t. 26; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. i, 84, t. 28. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 630. 

 Eaton, Manual, 108; 6 ed. 293. Nuttall, Genera, ii, 214. Barton, Compend. Fl. Philadelph. ii, 169. Nouveau Duhamel, vii, 

 170. Hayue, Dend. Fl. 157. Elliott, Sk. ii, 602. Sprengel, Syst. iii, 863. Torrey, Compeud. Fl. N. States, 358; NicoUet's Rep. 

 1(50; Fl. N. York, 189, t. 106. Bock. Bot. :!29. Loudon, Arboretum, iii, 1877, f. 1740-1744 & t. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 158. 

 BigHow. Fl. Boston. I! ed. 376. Katon & Wright, Bot. 384. Spach, Hist. Veg. xi, 165. Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 48, t. 

 10; 2 ed. i, 16:! &. t. Scheele in Ra-uier, Texas, 446. Penn. Cycl. xix, 216. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed. 269. Darby, Bot. 

 8. States, 510. Cooper iu Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 255. Brendel in Trans. Illinois Ag. Soc. iii, 369, t. 9. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 

 422. Curtis in Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 41. Lesquereux in Owen's 2d Rep. Arkansas, 388. Wood, Cl. 

 Book, 644; Bot. & Fl. 306. Porchcr, Resources S. Forests, 2G2. Eiigi'Imanu iu Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. new ser. v, 209; Trans. St. 

 Louis Acad. iii,li94. A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi-, 60. Orsted in Saerskitt. Aftryk. af. Nat. For. Viden. Meddelt. Nos. 1-6, 1866, 

 72. Gray, Manual X. Siatrs, 5 ed. 454; Hall's PI. Texas, 21. Liebmann, Chenes Am. Trop. t. A, B. Koch, Dendrologie, ii' 2 , 70. 

 Young, Bot. Texas, 504. Hayden in Warren's Rep. Nebraska & Dakota, 2 ed. 121. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 26. llacoun in 

 Geological Rep. Canada, 1875-76, 209. Sears iu Bull. Essex lust, xiii, 179. Ridgway in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 83. Bell in 

 Geological Rep. Canada, 1879-'80, 5K 



Q. rubra maxima, Marshall, Arbustuui, 122. Muhlenberg & Willdenow iu Neue Schriften Gesell. Nat. Fr. Berlin, iii, 395. 

 Q. ruhru, var. latifolia, Lamarck, Diet, i, 720. Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2 ed. v, 292. Loudon. Arboretum, iii, 1877. 

 Q. rubra, var. montana, Aitou.Hort. Kew. 2 ed. v, 292. London, Arboretum, iii, 1877. 



(>. ambigua, Miehanx f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii, 120, t. 24 ; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. i, 81, t. 26 [not HBK.]. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 

 630. Nuttall, Genera, ii, 214. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 293. Loudon, Arboretum, iii, 1881, f. 1749 & t. Eaton & 

 Wright, Bot. 384. 



Q. coceinea, var. rubra, SpAoh, Hist. Veg. xi, 166. 



Q. COCCinea, var. ambigua, Gray. Manual X. States, 5 ed. 454. 



Q, rubra. var. runcinata, A. De Caudolle, Prodr. xvi 4 , 60. Engelmanu in Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii, 542. 



