156 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



288. Castanopsis chrysophylla, A. De Candolle; 



Seemann'sJour. Bot. i, 182; Prodr. xvi 2 , 109. Watsou in King's Rep. v,:522; Bot. California, ii, 100. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. vii, 401. 

 Torrey, Bot. Wilkes Expod. 463. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees. -27. Hall in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, ii, 91. 



Castanea chrytophylla, Douglas iu Hooker's London Jour. BoL ii, 490, t. !<;. Bentham, PI. Hartweg. 337. Hooker, Fl. 

 Bor.-Am. ii, 159. Nuttall, Sylva, i, al ; 2 ed. i, 37. Bot. Mag. t. 4953. Torrey in. Pacific E. E. Rep. iv, 137 ; Bot. 

 Mex. Boundary Survey, 205. Morreu iu Belg. Hort. vii. ~1~, t. 240. New berry iu Pacific R. R. Rep. vi, 26, 89, 

 f. 4. Fl.des Serres, xii, 3, t. 1184. Cooper iu Smitlisouian Rep. 1858, 261. Kellogg in Proc. California Acad. ii, 280. 

 BolanderinProc. California Acad. iii, 231. Eugelmann iu Wheeler's Rep. vi, 375. Shingles in London Gard. Chronicle, 

 18H2, 716. 



Castanea chrysophylla, var. minor, Bentham, PI. Hartweg. 337- 

 Castanea sempervirens, Kellogg in Proc. California Acad. i, 71. 

 C. chrysophylla, var. minor, A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi'-, 110. 

 C. chrysophylla, var. pumila, Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 27. 



CHINQUAPIN. 



% 



Cascade mountains, Oregon, below 4,000 feet elevation, south along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevadas r 

 and through the California Coast ranges to the San Bernardino and San Jaciuto mountains. 



A tree 15 to 24 meters in height, with a trunk 0.30 to 0.90 meter in diameter, or at high elevations and toward 

 its southern limits reduced to a low shrub; most common and reaching its greatest development in the Coast 

 Eange valleys of northern California; at its southern limits rarely below 10,000 feet elevation. 



Wood light, soft, nor strong, close-grained, compact ; layers of annual growth marked by a single row of rather 

 large open ducts; medullary rays numerous, obscure; color, light brown tinged with red, the sap-wood lighter: 

 specific gravity, 0.5574; ash, 0.35; in southern Oregon occasionally used in the manufacture of plows and other 



agricultural implements. 







289. Castanea pumila, Miller, 



Diet. No. 2. Lamarck, Diet, i, 708. Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii,193. Willdenow, Spec, iv, 461; Enum. 980; Berl. Banm/,. 78. Smith 

 in Rees' Cycl. xiv, No. 2. Nouveau Duhamel,iii, 79. Persoon, Syu. ii, 572. Desfoutaines, Hist. Arb. ii, 500. Michaux f. Hist. 

 Arb. Am. ii, 166, t. 7 ; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. iii, 16, t. 105. Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2 cd. v, 298. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 624 

 Ratinesque, Fl. Ludoviciaua, 159; New FL & Bot. i, 83. Nuttall, Genera, ii,217 ; Am. Phil. Soc. 2 ser. v, 168. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 

 165. James in Long's Exped. ii, 287. Elliott, Sk. ii, 615. Torrey, Compend. Fl. N. States, 355 ; Fl. N. York, ii, 196. Audubon, 

 Birds, t. 85. Beck, But. 332. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 84. Penn. Cycl. vi, 350. London, Arboretum, iii, 2002, f. 1927, 1928. Eaton 

 & Wright, Bot. 184. Spach, Hist. Veg. xi, 192. Darlington, PI. Cestrica, 3 ed. 270. Darby, Bot. S. States, 512. Cooper in 

 Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 256. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 424. Curtis iu Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 47. Lesqiiereux 

 in Owen's 2d Eep. Arkansas, 388. Wood, Cl. Book, 646 ; Bot. & Fl. 307. Porcher, Resources S. Forests, 237. A. De Candolle, 

 Prodr. xvi 2 , 115. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 455. Young, Bot. Texas, 508. Koch, Dendrologie, ii-, 24. Vasey, Cat. Forest 

 Trees. 27. Butler in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, iii, 17. 



Fagus pumila, Linnieus, Spec. 1 ed. 998. DQ Roi, Harbk. i, 175. Wangenheim, Amer. 57. t. 19, f. 44. Walter, Fl- 

 Caroliniana, 233. Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii, 361. Abbot, Insects Georgia, ii, t. 57. 



Fagus Castanea pumila, Marshall, Arbustum, 47. 

 Fagus pumila, var. prcecox, Walter, Fl. Caroliuiana, 233. 



C. nana, Muhlenberg, Cat. 86. Elliott, Sk. ii, 615. Rafinesque, New Fl. & Bot. i, 83. Darby, Bot. S. States, 512. Curtis in 

 Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 47. Lesquereux in Owen's 2d Rep. Arkansas, 388. 



C. alnifolia, Nuttall, Genera, ii, 217 ; Sylva, i, 19, t. 6 ; 2 eel. i, 36, t. 6. 

 C, vesca, Lesquereux in Owen's 2d Rep. Arkausas, 388 [not Gicrtner]. 



CHINQUAPIN. 



Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and the valley of the lower Wabash river, Indiana, south and southwest to 

 northern Florida and the valley of the Neches river, Texas. 



A. tree sometimes 15 meters iu height, with a trunk 0.30 to 1.05 meter in diameter, or often, especially in the 

 Atlantic states, reduced to a low shrub; rich hillsides and borders of swamps; most common and reaching its 

 greatest development in southern Arkansas. 



Wood light, hard, strong, coarse-grained, durable in contact with the ground, liable to check in drying; layers 

 of annual growth marked by many rows of large open ducts; medullary rays numerous, obscure; color, dark 

 brown, the sap-wood hardly distinguishable; specific gravity, 0.5887; ash, 0.12; used for posts, rails, railway 

 ties, etc. 



The small nuts sweet and edible. 



