166 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



BLACK WILLOW. 



Southern New Brunswick and the northern shores of lakes Huron and Superior southward through the 

 Atlantic region to bay Biscayue and the Caloosa river, Florida, and the valley of the Guadalupe river, Texas ; 

 Pacific region, valleys of the Sacramento river, California, and the Colorado river, Arizona. 



A small tree, sometimes 15 to 18 meters in height, with a trunk rarely 0.60 meter in diameter, or in southern 

 Florida reduced to a low shrub; usually along the banks of streams; most common in the basin of the Mississippi 

 river and reaching its greatest development in the rich bottom lands of the Colorado and other rivers of eastern 

 Texas; varying greatly in the size and shape of the leaves (vars. angustifolia, longifolia, latifolia, etc., Anderssonin 

 Kongl. Sven. Akad. Hancll. vi, 20), length and habit of the aments, etc. 



The best marked forms are 



var. marginata, Anderssou in Kougl. Sven. Akad. Handl. vi, 22; De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 8 , 201. 



S. marginata, Wimmer in Schedul. Herb. Vindab. 



var. longipes, Audersson in Kongl. Sven. Akad. Handl. vi, 22; De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 201. 



8. longipes, Sbuttleworth in herb. Hooker. Audersson in Ofv. af. Vet. Akad. Forh. 1858, 114 (Proc. Am. Acad. iv, 53). 

 Walpers, Ann. v, 744. 



Forms of var. longipes more or less pubescent have been characterized by Andersson in Kongl. Sven. Akad. 

 Handl. vi, 22 ; De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 201, as subvars. venulosa and gongylocarpa [Shuttleicorth], (8. longipes, var. 

 pubescens, Andersson in Proc. Am. Acad. iv, 53; 8. subvillosa, Elliott in herb. Schweinitz ex. Nuttall, Sylva, i, 79; 

 2 ed. i, 94, vide Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. iv, 53, note). 



var. Wrightii, Audersson in Kongl. Sven. Akad. Handl.vi, 22 ; De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 3 , 201. Hemsley, Bot. Am.-Cent. iii, 180. 



8. Wrightii, Anderssou in Ofv. af. Vet. Akad. Forh. 1858, 115 (Proc. Am. Acad. iv, 55- Walpers, Ann. v, 745. Torrey in 

 Bot. Mex. Boundary Survey, 204. 



var. Wardii, Bebb in Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 22, 114. 



Wood light, soft, weak, close-grained, checking badly in drying; medullary rays obscure; color, brown, the 

 sap-wood nearly white ; specific gravity, 0.445(> ; ash, 0.70. 



The tonic and astringent bark used domestically as a popular febrifuge, and containing, in common with that of 

 all the species of the genus, salicylic acid, a powerful anti-pyritic now successfully used in the treatment of acute 

 cases of gout, rheumatism, typhoid fever, etc. (Am. Jour. Pharm. 1875, 303. U. 8. Dispensatory, 14 ed. 796, 1748. 

 Nat. Dispensatory, 2 ed. 1248). 



NOTE. The closely allied Salix occidentalis, Bosc, of the West Indies is not perhaps specifically distinct from S. nigra, with which 

 some of the forms of var. longipes from southern Florida seem to connect it. 



307. Salix amygdaloides, Andersson, 



Ofv. af. Vet. Akad. Forh. 1858, 114 (Proc. Am. Acad. iv, 53). Walpers, Ann. v, 744. Bebb in Wheeler's Rep. vi, 240. 

 f 8. melanopsis, Nnttall, Sylva, i, 78, t. 21 ; 2 ed. i, 93, t. 21. 



8. nigra, var. amygdaloides, Andersson in Kongl. Sven. Akad. Handl. vi, 21 ; De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 201. Eothrock, 

 PI. Wheeler, 50. Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colorado ; Hayden's Surv. Misc. Pub. No. 4, 128. 



WILLOW. 



Shores of the great lakes (Wayne county, New York, Hankenson ; Painesville, Ohio, Beardslee), westward to 

 the valley of the Saskatchewan, and southward through the Eocky Mountain region to southern New Mexico ; 

 banks of the lower Columbia river, Oregon (Howells). 



A small tree, rarely 9 to 12 meters in height, with a trunk 0.15 to 0.30 meter in diameter; along streams. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, close-grained, checking in drying ; the heart- wood light brown, sap-wood nearly 

 white; specific gravity, 0.4509; ash, 0.92. 



