172 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, close-grained, compact, not durable, containing, as does that of the whole genus, 

 numerous minute, scattered, open ducts; medullary rays very thin, hardly distinguishable; color, light brown, 

 the thick sap-wood nearly white ; specific gravity, 0.4032 ; ash, 0.55 ; largely manufactured into wood-pulp, a 

 substitute for rags in the manufacture of paper; in the Pacific region sometimes used for fuel, flooring, in 

 turnery, etc. 



A bitter principle in the bark causes its occasional use as a tonic in the treatment of intermittent fevers and 

 cases of debility ( U. 8. Dispensatory, 14 ed. 1763). 



319. Populus grandidentata, Michaux, 



Fl.Bor.-AlD.il, 243. Persoon, Syn. ii, 624. Desfontaiues, Hist. Arb. ii, 460. Michanx f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii, 287, t. 8, f. 2; N.American 

 Syl va, 3 ed. ii, 176, t. 99, f. 2. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 619. Poiret, Suppl. iv, 377. Barton, Compend. Fl. Philadelph. ii, 197. Nuttall, 

 Geuera, ii, 239. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 200. Willdenow, Enum. Suppl. 07.- Elliott, Sk. ii, 710. Sprengel, Syst. ii, 244. Torrey, 

 Compeud. Fl. N. States, 375; Fl. N.York, ii, ?14. Beck, Bot. 323. Eaton, Manual, (i ed. 277. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am.ii, 154. Eaton 

 & Wright, Bot. 370. Loudon, Arboretum, iii, 1650, f. 1511. Bigelow, Fl. Boston. 3 ed. 397. Spacb in Ann. Sci. Nat. xv, 2 ser. 

 33; Hist. Veg. x, 384. Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 242; 2ed.i,278&t. Seriuge in Fl. <les Jard. ii,56. Parry in Owen's Rep. 

 618. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3ed. 281. Darby, Bot. S. States, 507. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 257. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 

 431. Cnrtis in Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 73. Wood, Cl. Book, 656 ; Bot. & Fl. 311. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 

 ed. 466. Koch, Dendrologie, ii, 487. Wesmsel in De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 327. Vasey, Cat. ForesP Trees, 29. Watson in Am. 

 Jour. Sci. 3 ser. xv, 135. Beal in Am. Nat. xv, 34, f. 2. Sears in Bull. Essex lust, xiii, 182. Trelease in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, vi, 

 285. BeJl in Geological Rep. Canada, 1879-'80, 56. 



P. grandidentata, var. pendula, Torrey, Compend. Fl. N. States, 375. Nuttall, Genera, ii, 239. 



POPLAK. 



Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and west through Ontario to northern Minnesota, south through the northern 

 states and along the Alleghany mountains to North Carolina, extending west to middle Kentucky and Tennessee. 



A tree 21 to 24 meters in height, with a trunk 0.50 to 0.75 meter in diameter; rich woods and borders of 

 streams and swamps. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, close-grained, compact; medullary rays thin, obscure; color, light brown, the 

 sap-wood nearly white; specific gravity, 0.4632; ash, 0.45; largely manufactured into wood-pulp and occasionally 

 used in turnery, for woodenware, etc. 



320. Populus heterophylla, Linnaeus, 



Spec. 1 ed. 1034. Marshall, Arbnstum, 107. Wangenheim, Amer. 85. Walter, Fl. Caroliniana, 248. Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii, 407 ; 2 ed. v, 

 397. Nouveau Duhamel, ii, 181, t. 51. Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 244. Willdenow, Spec, iv, 806; Enum. 1017; Berl. Baumz. 293. 

 Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. ii, 466 Pursh, Fi. Am. Sept. ii, 619. Nuttall, Genera, ii, 239. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 203. Elliott, Sk. ii, 712. 

 Sprengel, Syst. ii, 244. Torrey, Compend. Fl. N. States, 375; Fl. N.York, ii, 215. Beck, Bot. 323. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 278. 

 Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed. 281. Loudon, Arboretum, iii, 1672, f. 1534. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 371. Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. 2 ser. 

 xv, 30; Hist. Veg. x, 386. Seringe in Fl. des Jard. ii, 61. Darby, Bot. S. States, 507. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 257. 

 Chapman, Fl. S. States, 431. Cnrtis in Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 73. Wood, Cl. Book, 656; Bot. & Fl. 311. 

 Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 467. Koch, Dendrologie, ii, 488. Wesmail in De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 326. Vasey, Cat. Forest 

 Trees, 29. Watson in Am. Jour. Sci. 3 ser. xv, 135. Trelease in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, vi, 285. Ridgway in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 

 1881,86. 



P. COrdifolia, Burgsdorf, Anleit. Erz. Holzart. 3 ed. 152. 



P. argentea, Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii, 390, t. 9 ; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. ii, 170, t. 97. 



P. heterophylla, var. argentea, Wesmael in De Caudolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 376. 



RIVER COTTONWOOD. SWAMP COTTONWOOD. 



Guilford, Connecticut (W. R. Dudley), Northport, Long island, south, generally near the coast, to southern 

 Georgia, through the Gulf states to western Louisiana, and through Arkansas to central Tennessee and Kentucky, 

 southern Illinois and Indiana. 



A tree 24 to 27 meters in height, with a trunk 0.60 to 0.75 meter in diameter; borders of river swamps; most 

 common and reaching its greatest development in the basin of the lower Ohio river; rare and local. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, close-grained, compact; medullary rays thin, very obscure; color, dull brown, the 

 thick sap-wood lighter brown; specific gravity, 0.4089; ash, 0.81. 



