176 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



CONIFERS. 



326. Libocedrus decurrens, Torrey, 



Smithsonian Contrib., vi, 7, t. 3; Pacific R. R. Rep. iv, 140; Bot. Mex. Boundary Survey, 211 ; Bot. Wilkes Exped.t. 16. Bentham, PI. 

 Hartweg. 338. Lindley in London Gard. Chronicle, 185:!, 695. -Newberry iu Pacific E. R. Eep. vi, 63. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 

 1858, 262. Walpers, Ann. v, 795. Bolander iu Proc. California Acad. iii, 226. Parlatore in De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 456. R. 

 Brown Campst. in Trans. Edinburgh Bot. Soc. ix, 373. Hoopes, Evergreens, 309, f. 40. Watson in King's Rep. v, 335; Bot. 

 California, ii, 116. A. Murray in London Garden, ii, 542. Gordon, Pinetum, 2 ed. 402. Veitch, Manual Conif. 267. 



Thuya Craigana, Murray in Rep. Oregon Exped. 2, t. 5. 



Thuya gigantea, Carriere in Rev. Hort. 1854, 224, f. 12-14, in part; Fl.des Serres, ix, 199, f.3-5, in part; Trait. Conif. 106, 

 in part; 2 ed. 112, in part. Gordon, Pinetum, 321, in part; Suppl. 102, iu part. Henkel & Hochstetter, Nadelholz. 

 280, in part. 



Heyderia decurrens, Koch, Dendroiogie, ii 2 , 179. 



WHITE CEDAR. BASTARD CEDAR. POST CEDAR. INCENSE CEDAR. 



North fork of the Santian river, Oregon, south along the western slopes of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada 

 mountains between 3,000 and 8,500 feet elevation, and through the California Coast ranges to the San Bernardino 

 and Cayumaca mountains. 



A large tree, 30 to 45 meters in height, with a trunk 1.20 to 2.10 meters in diameter; slopes and valleys; common. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, close-grained, compact, very durable in contact with the soil ; bands of 

 small summer cells thin, dark colored, conspicuous ; medullary rays numerous, obscure; the thin sap-wood nearly 

 white ; specific gravity, 0.4017 ; ash, 0.08 ; largely used for fencing and in the construction of water-flumes, and for 

 interior finish, furniture, laths, shingles, etc.; often injured by a species of dry rot (Dcedalia vorax, Harkness in 

 Pacific Rural Press, Jan. 25, 1879, f. 1, 2), rendering it unfit for lumber. 



327. Thuya occidentalis, Linnaeus, 



Spec. 1 ed. 1002. Kalm, Travels, English ed. iii, 170. Marshall, Arbustnm, 152. Wangenheim, Amer.7, t. 2, f. 3. Walter, Fl. 

 Caroliniana, 238. Aiton, Hort. Kow. iii, 371 ; 2 cd. v, 321. Gsertner, Fruct. ii, 62, t. 91, f. 2. Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 209. 

 Willdenow, Spec, iv, 508 ; Ennm.990; Berl. Baumz. 504. Nouvean Duhamel, iii, 12, t. 4. Poiret in Lamarck, Diet, vii, 369; 111. 

 iii, 369. Schkuhr, Handb. iii, 287, t. 309. Persoon, Syn. ii, 580. Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. ii, 575. Titford, Hort. Bot. Am. 98. 

 Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii, 29, t. 3; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. iii, 177, t. 156. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 647. Barton, Prodr. Fl. 

 Philadelph. 93. Eaton, Manual, 111; 6 ed. 364. Nuttall, Genera, ii, 224. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 177. Elliott, Sk. ii, 641. Watson, 

 Dend. Brit, ii, 150. Sprengel, Syst. iii, 888. Richard, Conif. 43, t. 71, f. 1. Torrey, Compend. Fl. N. States, 361; Fl. N. York, ii, 

 234. Rafiuesque, Mcd. Bot. ii, 268. Bock, Bot. 338. Loudou, Arboretum, iv, 2454, f. 2312-2314 & t. Forbes, Piuetum Woburn. 

 193. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 165. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 451. Bigelow, Fl. Boston. 3ed. 388. Spach, Hist. Vcg. xi, 339. Penu. 

 Cycl. xxiv, 409. Reid in London Gard. Chronicle, 1844, 276. Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 96; 2 ed. i, 112. Eudlicher, Syn. 

 Conif. 51. Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc. London, v, 206. Parry iu Owen's Rep. 618. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed. 

 294. Knight, Syn. Conif. 16. Carriere in Rev. Hort. 1854, 224, f. 15; Trait, Conif. 103; 2 ed. 109. Darby, Bot. S. States, r>10. 

 Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 257. Gordon, Pinetum, 323; 2 ed. 403. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 436. Wood, Cl. Book, 662; 

 Bot. & Fl. 315. Porcher, Resources S. Forests, 507. Henkel & Hochstetter, Nadelholz. 278. Nelson, Pinaceaj, 68. R. Brown 

 Carapst. in Trans. Edinburgh Bot. Soc. ix, 363. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 472. Hoopes, Evergreens, 317. Parlatore in De 

 Caudolle, Prodr. xvi", 458. Schnizlein, Icon. t. 76, f. 2. Koch, Dendrologie, ii 2 , 173. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 36. Macoun 

 in Geological Rep. Canada, 1875-76, 211. Sears in Bull. Essex Inst. xiii, 183. Veitch, Manual Conif. 261. Bell in Geological Rep. 

 Canada, 1879-'80, 47 C . 



T. odorata, Marshall, Arbustum, 152. 



T. obtusa, M<Buch,Meth.691. 



Cupressus Arbor-vita, Targione-Tozzetti, Obs. Bot. ii,51. 



T. Wareana and T. Sibirica, Hort. 



WHITE CEDAR. ARBOR-VIT^E. 



New Brunswick to Auticosti island, through the valley of the Saint Lawrence river to the southern shores of 

 James' bay and southeast to the eastern extremity of lake Winnipeg, south through the northern states to central 

 New York, northern Pennsylvania, central Michigan, northern Illinois, central Minnesota, and along the Alleghany 

 mountains to the high peaks of North Carolina. 



A tree 12 to IS meters in height, with a trunk sometimes 1.20 to 1.50 meter in diameter; cold, wet swamps 

 and along the rocky banks of streams ; very common at the north, spreading over great areas of swamp ; extensively 

 cultivated as a hedge and ornamental plant, and producing innumerable seminal varieties of more or less 

 horticultural value. 



