184 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



BALD CYPRESS. BLACK CYPRESS. RED CYPRESS. WHITE CYPRESS. DECIDUOUS CYPRESS. 



Sussex county, Delaware, south near the coast to Mosquito iulet and cape Eomano, Florida, west through the 

 Gulf states near the coast*to the valley of the Nueces river, Texas, and through Arkansas to western Tennessee, 

 western and northern Kentucky, southeastern Missouri, and southern Illinois and Indiana. 



A large tree of great economic value, 24 to 46 meters in height, with a trunk 1.80 to 4 meters in diameter; 

 deep, submerged swamps, river-bottom lands, and pine-barren ponds; common and forming extensive forests in 

 the south Atlantic and Gulf states. 



Wood light, soft, close, straight-grained, not strong, compact, easily worked, very durable in contact with 

 the soil; bauds of small summer cells broad, resinous, conspicuous; medullary rays numerous, very obscure; color, 

 light or dark brown, the sap-wood nearly white; specific gravity, 0.4543; ash, 0.42; largely manufactured into 

 lumber and used for construction, cooperage, railway ties, posts, fencing, etc., often injured, especially west of the 

 Mississippi river, by a species of Dadalia, not yet determined, rendering it unfit for lumber. 



Two varieties of cypress, black and white, are recognized by lumbermen, the wood of the former heavier than 

 water when green, rather harder and considered more durable than the other; the unseasoned wood of the latter 

 lighter than water and rather lighter colored than black cypress. 



341. Sequoia gigantea, Decaisne, 



Bull. Bot. Soc. France, i, 70 ;( Rev. Hort. 1855, 9, 1. 10, f. l.i Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. iii, 94; Am. Jour. Sci. 2 ser. xvii. 440; xviii, 150, 

 286. Torrey in Pacific E. R. Eep. iv, 140. Kellogg in Proc. California Acad. i, 42. Blake in Pacific R. R. Rep. v, 257, t. 13. 

 [Carriere, Trait. Conif. 166. Newberry in Pacific R. R. Rep. vi, 90.-^Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 263, Wood, Bot. & Fl. 315. 

 'Bloomer in Proc. California Acad. iii, 397.-(;Hoopes, Evergreens, 239, f. 29. Parlatoro in De Candolle Prodr. xvi a , 437. Koch, 

 Dendrologie, ii 2 , 194. ^Bertram! in Ann. Sci. Nat. 5 ser. xx, 114. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 36. Muir in Proc. Am. Assoc. XXT, 

 242. Watson, Bot. California, ii, 117. 



/ 



Wettingtonia gigantea, Liudley iii London Card. Chronicle, 1853, 819, 823; Bot. Mag. t. 4777, 4778. VC. Lemaire in 111. Hort. 



1854, 14 & t. Xaudin in Rev. Hort. 1854, 116. Fl. des Serres, ix, 93 & t. 903 & t. Flor. Cabinet, 1854, 121 & t. 



Bigelow in Pacific R. R. Rep. iv, 22. Gordon, Pinetuni, 330 ; Suppl. 106 ; 2 ed. 415. Murray in Edinburgh New Phil. 



Jour, new ser, xi, 205, t. 3-9 (Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, vi, 330, t. 6, f. 8, 9). Henkel & Hochstetter, Nadelholz. 



22-2. Carriere, Trait. Conif. 2 ed. 217. Veitch, Manual Conif. 4 15. 



t 

 Wellingtonia Californica, Winslow in California Farmer, September, 1854. Hooker, Jour. Bot. & Kew Misc. vii, 26. 



Taxodlum Washingtonianum, Winslow in California Farmer, September, 1854. 



iX 



Taxodium giganteum, Kellogg & Behr in Proc. California Acad. i, 51. 



S. Wellingtonia, Seemann in Bonplandia, ii,238; iii, 27; vi,343; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3 ser. March, 1859, 161. Laweon, 

 Pinetum Brit, iii, 299, t. 37, 51, 53, f. 1-37. 



(jigantalies Wellingtonia, Nelson, Pinaecas, 79. 



BIG TREE. 



California, western slopes of the Sierra Nevadas from Placer county (Calaveras Grove) south to Deer creek on 

 the southern borders of Tulare county. 



The largest tree of the American forest, 76 to 119 meters in height, with a trunk 6 to 11 meters in diameter; 

 valleys and moist swales or hollows between 4,000 and 6,000 feet elevation, growing in small, isolated groves, 

 except toward its southern limits, here mixed with the sugar pine and red and white firs, covering large tracts, 

 often several hundred acres in extent. 



Wood very light, soft, weak, brittle, rather coarse-grained, compact, remarkably durable in contact with the 

 soil ; bauds of small Slimmer cells thin, dark colored, conspicuous ; medullary rays numerous, thin ; color, bright 

 clear red, turning much darker with exposure, the thin sap-wood white ; specific gravity, 0.2882 ; ash, 0.50 ; in 

 Fresuo county formerly somewhat manufactured into lumber and locally used for fencing, shingles, coustruction, etc. 



342. Sequoia sempervirens, Endlicher, 



\ f 

 Syn. Conif. 198. Decaisne in Rev. Hort. 1855, 9, 1. 11, f. 2.HCarriere, Trait. Conif. 164 ; 2 ed. 210. Bigelow in Pacific R. R. Rep. iv, 23. 



Newberry in Pacific R, R, Rep. vi, 57, 90, f. 23. Tclrrey in Pacific R. R. Rep. iv, 140 ; feot. Mex. Boundary Survey, 210 ; Ives' 

 Rep. 28. Gordon, Pinetnm, 303; Suppl. 97; 2 ed. 379. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, X 263.-^Murray in Edinburgh New Phil. 

 Jour. ne\v ser. xi. 221 (Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, vi, 34G).-^Seemann in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3 ser. March, 1859, 165.-- Wood, Bot.. 

 & F1.315.'' Bohinder in Proc. California Acad. iii, 231.-VHoopea, Evergreens, 244.Purlatore in De Caudolle Prodr. xvi-, 436. 

 ( Koch, Dendrologie, ii=, 19:i. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 36. Stearns in Am. Nat. x, 110. Watson, Bot. California, ii, 116. Veitch, 

 Manual Conif. 212. Lawson, Pinetum Brit, iii, t. 52 & iigs. 



