192 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



RED PINE. NORWAY PINE. 



Newfoundland, northern shores of the gulf of Saint Lawrence and lake Nipigon to the valley of the Winnipeg 

 river, south through the northern states to Chestnut Hill, Middlesex county, Massachusetts, the mountains of 

 northern Pennsylvania, Isabella county, Michigan, and central Minnesota. 



A large tree, 24 to 46 meters in height, with a trunk 0.60 to 1.37 meter in diameter ; light sandy loam or dry, 

 rocky ridges, forming scattered groves rarely exceeding a few hundred acres in extent; common and reaching its 

 greatest development through northern Wisconsin and Minnesota; rare in the eastern States, except in the extreme 

 northern portions of New England. 



Wood light, not strong, hard, rather coarse-grained, compact ; bauds of small summer cells broad, dark 

 colored, very resinous, resin passages few, small, not conspicuous ; medullary rays numerous, thin ; color, light 

 red, the sap-wood yellow or often almost white; specific gravity, 0.4854; ash, 0.27; largely manufactured into 

 lumber and used for all purposes of construction, flooring, piles, etc. 



359. Pinus Torreyana, Parry, 



Bot. Mex. Boundary Survey, 210, t. 58, 59 ; Proc. San Diego Nat. Hist. Soc. Nov. 1883. Carriere. Trait. Conif. 326 ; 2 ed. 423. 

 Gordon, Pinetum, 241. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1860, 442. Henkel & Hochstetter, Nadelholz. 117. Bolander in Proc. 

 California Acad. iii, 318. Hoopcs, Evergreens, 150. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 31. Palmer in Am. Nat. xii, 594. Eugelmann in 

 Trans. St. Lonis Acad. iv, 181 ; Bot. California, ii, 125. Veitch, Manual Conif. 173. 



P. lopkosperma, Lindley in London Gard. Chronicle, 1860, 46. Gordon, Pinetum, Suppl. 69; 2 ed. 310. Henkel & 

 Hochstetter, Nadelholz. 112. Nelson, Pinacese, 117. Parlatore in De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 391. 



California, mouth of the Soledad river, San Diego county ; doubtfully reported from one of the islands off 

 Santa Barbara and from Lower California. 



A low, short lived, gnarled, crooked tree, 6 to 8 meters in height, with a trunk 0.23 to 0.33 meter in diameter ; 

 crests of sandy bluffs immediately upon the sea-coast ; very local and fast disappearing. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, rather close-grained, compact; bauds of small summer cells broad, 

 resinous, conspicuous, resin passages small, few ; medullary rays numerous, obscure ; color, light red, the sap-wood 

 yellow or nearly white; specific gravity, 0.4879 ; ash, 0.35 ; locally used for fuel. 



360. Pinus Arizonica, Engelmann, 

 Wheeler's Rep. vi, 260 ; Trans. St. Louis Acad. iv, 181 ; Coulter's Bot. Gazette, vii, 4. 



YELLOW PINE. 



Santa Rita mountains (Rothrock, Engelmann & Sargent), Santa Catalina mountains (Lemmon, Pringle), and 

 probably upon other ranges of southern Arizona. 



A tree 24 to 30 meters in height, with a trunk 0.00 to 0.90 meter in diameter ; high rocky ridges between 6,000 

 and 8,000 feet elevation ; the prevailing forest tree over large areas near the summits of the Santa Catalina 

 mountains (Lemmon). 



Wood light, soft, not strong, rather brittle, close grained, compact ; bands of small summer cells broad, very 

 resinous, conspicuous, resin passages numerous, large ; medullary rays thin, obscure ; color, light red or often 

 yellow, the sap-wood lighter yellow or white ; specific gravity, 0.5038 ; ash, 0.20 ; sometimes sawed into inferior 

 lumber. 



361. Pinus ponderosa, Douglas, 



Companion Bot. Mag. ii, 111. London, Arboretum, iv, 2243, f. 2132-2136. Forbes, Pinetum Woburn. 44, 1. 15. Antoine, Conif. 28, t. 8, 

 f. 1. Liudley in Penn. Cycl. xvii, 172. Link iu Linmea, xv, 306. Nuttall, Sylva.'iii, 114 ; 2 ed. ii, 17:?. Spach, Hist. Veg. xi, 389. 

 Eudlicher, Syn. Conif. 163. Knight, Syn. Conif. 30. Lindley &. Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc. London, v, 217. Carriere, Trait. Conif. 

 340; 2ed. 445. Gordon, Pinetum, 205; Suppl. 67; 2 t-d.281. Nowberry in Pacific R. R. Rep. vi, 36, 90, t. 4, f. 12. Cooper in 

 Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 261; Pacific R. R. Rep. xii-, 27, 68 ; Am. Nat. iii, 409. Torrey, Bot. Mex. Boundary Survey, 209; Ives' Rep. 

 28. Eugelmaim in Am. Jour. Sci. 2 ser. xxxiv, 332; Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 2 ser. xii, 209 ; Wheeler's Rep. vi, 261 ; Trans. St. Louis 

 Acad. iv, 181; Bot. California, ii, 125. Lyall iu Jour. Linnajan Soc. vii, 142. Bolander in Proc. California Acad. iii, 22(5, 317. 

 Henkel & Hochstetter, Nadelholz. 71. Nelson, Pinaceae, 125. Hoopes, Evergreens, 117. Parlatore in De Caudolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 395 

 (excl. 8} n. Sinclmrii). Watson in King's Rep. v, 1331 ; PI. Wheeler, 17. Gray in Proc. Arn. Acad. vii, 402. Fowler in London Gard. 

 Chronicle, 1872, 132(i. Koch, Dendrologie, ii", 310. Rothrock in PI. Wheeler, 28, 50; Wheeler's Hep. vi, 9. Porter & Coulter, Fl. 

 Colorado; Haydeu's Surv. Misc. Pub. No. 4, Id9. Hayden in Warren's Rep. Nebraska & Dakota, 2 ed. 121. Vasey, Cat. Forest 

 Trees, 30. Hall in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, ii, 91. Macoun iu Geological Rep. Canada, 1875-76, 211. Braudegee in Coulter's Bot. 

 Gaxett", iii, 32. G. M. Dawson in Canadian Nat. new ser. ix, 326. -Rushy in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, ix, 106. 



