CATALOGUE OF FOREST TREES. 195 



TA3IAKACK. BLACK PINE. LODGE-POLE PINE. SPKUCE PINE. 



Valley of tbe Yukon river, Alaska (Fort Selkirk, Dull), south through the interior of British Columbia, along 

 the mouutuiu ranges of "Washington territory and Oregon and the Sierra Neva-das of California to mount San 

 Jacinto; on the high plateau east of the Kooky mountains in about latitude 5(>, and south through the mountains of 

 Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah to New Mexico and northern Arizona. 



A tree 18 to 24 meters in height, with a trunk 0.00 to 1 .20 meter iu diameter; reaching its greatest development in 

 the California Sierras; in the interior regions in dry, gravelly soil, here the prevailing tree, covering immense areas, 

 and generally replacing other speciis destroyed by Die; western Washington territory and southward only along 

 the borders of moist alpine meadowy between (>,000 and 9,000 feet elevation ; generally confounded with the closely- 

 allied P. contorta of the coast, from which it may be distinguished by its longer, broader leaves, very thin, scaly 

 bark, thin sap-wood, and less resinous and liner-grained wood, resembling that of the white pines; the distribution 

 of fhe two species in northern British Columbia and Alaska still undetermined. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, close, straight-grained, easily worked, compact, not durable ; bands of small summer 

 eel narrow, not conspicuous, resin passages few, not large; medullary rays numerous, obscure; color, light yellow 

 or nearly white, the thin sap wood lighter; specific gravity, 0.4096; ash, 0.32; occasionally manufactured into 

 lu iber, and used for fuel, railway ties, etc. 



366. Pinus Sabiniana, Douglas, 



Companion Bot. Mag. ii, 150. Lambert, Pinus, 1 ed. iii, 137, r,. 58. Loudou, Arboretum, iv, 2246, f. 2138-2143. Forbes, Pinetnm 

 Woburu. 63, t. 23, 24. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 162. Liudley iu Penn. Cycl. xvii, 172. Antoine, Conif. 30, t. 11. Hooker & 

 Arnott, Bot. Beechey, 393. Link in Linniea, xv, 509. Nuttall, Sylva, iii, 110, t. 113; 2 ed. ii, 169, t. 113. Spach, Hist. Veg. xi, 

 390. De Chambray, Trait. Arb. Res. 347. Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 159. Knight, Syn. Conif. 30. Lindley & Gordon in Jour. 

 Hort. Soc. London, v, 216. Fl. desSerres, ix, 275, t. 964. Carriere, Trait. Conif. 334; 2 ed. 435. Torrey & Gray in Pacific R. R. 

 Rep. ii, 130. Bigelow iu Pacific R. R. Rep, iv, 25. Torrey in Pacific R. R. Rep. iv, 141; Bot. Mex. Boundary Survey, 210 ; t. 57; 

 Ives' Rep. 28. Newberry in Pacific R. R. Rep. vi, 39, 90, f. 13. Gordon, Pinetum, 208; 2 ed. 284. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 

 1858, 261. Walpers, Ann. v, 799. Bolauder in Proc. California Acad. iii, 226, 318. Henkel & Hochstetter, Nadelholz. 75. Lawson, 

 Piuetum Brit, i, 85, t. 11, t. 1-3. Nelson, Piuacea;, 129. Hoopes, Evergreens, 121. Parlatoro in De Candolle, Prodr. xvi*, 

 391. Fowler in London Gard. Chronicle, 1872, 1323. Koch, Dendrologie, ii 2 , 312. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 31. Engelmann in 

 Wheeler's Rep. vi, 375 ; Trans. St. Louis Acad. iv, 182 ; Bot. California, ii, 127. Veitch, Manual Conif. 169. 



DIGGEK PINE. BULL PINE. 



California, Portuguese Flat, Shasta county, south along the foot-hills of the Coast ranges and the western slope 

 of the Sierra Nevadas below 4,000 feet elevation. 



A large tree, 24 to 30 meters in height, with a trunk 0.60 to 1.20 meter in diameter ; very common through all 

 the foot-hills region. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, very coarse-grained, compact, not durable; bands of small summer cells 

 broad, very resinous, conspicuous, resin passages few, large, prominent ; medullary rays numerous, obscure ; color, 

 light brown or red, the thick sap-wood yellow or nearly white ; specific gravity, 0.4840 ; ash, 0.40 ; largely used 

 for fuel. 



The large edible nuts furnish the Indians an important article of food. 



367. Pinus Coulteri, D. Don, 



Trans. Liunasau Soc. xvii, 440. Loudon, Arboretum, iv, 2250, f. 2144-2146. Forbes, Pinetum Woburn. 67, t. 25, 26. Antoine, 

 Conif. 31, t. 12, 13. Peun. Cycl. xvii, 172. Link iu Linnsea, xv, 510. Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Beechey, 393. Nuttall, Sylva, iii, 

 112; 2 ed. ii, 171. Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 160. Carriere in Fl. des Serres, ix, 275 & t. ; Trait. Conif. 334; 2 ed. 435. Cooper in 

 Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 2G1. Torroy in Ives' Rep. 28. Henkel & Hochstetter, Nadelh51z. 76. Bolander in Proc. California Acad. 

 iii, 318. Parlatore in De Candolle, Prodr. xvi, 392. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 31. Gordon, Pinetum, 2 ed. 266. Eugelmann in 

 Trans. St. Louis Acad. iv, 182; Bot. California, ii, 127. Lawson, Pinetum Brit. i,23, f. 1-5. 



P. macrocarpa, Liudley in Bot. Reg. xxvi, Misc. 61. Knight, Syn. Couif. 30. Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc. 

 Loudon, v, 216. Gordon, Pinetum, 201. Nelson, Pinacea>, 117. Hoopes, Evergreens, 115. Veitch, Manual Conif. 166. 



P. Sabiniana Coulteri, London, Encycl. PI. 985, f. 1839-1841. 

 P. Sabiniana macrocarpa, Hort. 



California, Monte Diablo, south through the Coast ranges to the Cuyamaca mountains, and probably iu Lower 

 California. 



A tree 24 to 46 meters iu height, with a trunk 0.90 to 1.80 meter in diameter ; dry ridges and slopes between 

 3,000 and 6,000 feet elevation ; most common and reaching its greatest development in the San Jacinto mountains. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, coarse-grained; bands of small summer cells broad, very resinous, 

 conspicuous, resin passages few, large; medullary rays numerous, prominent; color, light red, the thick sap-wood 

 nearly white; specific gravity, 0.4133; ash, 0.37. 



