202 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



LONG-LEAVED PINE. SOUTHERN PINE. GEORGIA PINE. YELLOW PINE. HAKD PINE. 



Southeastern Virginia, south to cape Canaveral and Taiupa bay, Florida, and through the Gulf states to the 

 valley of the Red river, Louisiana, and the Trinity river, Texas, rarely extending beyond 150 miles from the coast. 



A tree of the first economic value, 18 to 29 meters in height, with a trunk O.GO to 1.20 meter in diameter; dry, 

 sandy loam of the maritime plain, generally of Tertiary formation, and forming, outside of the river bottoms, 

 extensive forests almost to the exclusion of other species, or toward its extreme interior range, especially in the 

 Gulf states, occupying rolling hills, here mixed with oaks and various deciduous trees; rarely along the borders 

 of swamps in low, wet soil. 



Wood heavy, exceedingly hard, very strong, tough, coarse-grained, compact, durable; bauds of small summer 

 cells broad, occupying fully half the width of the annual growth, very resiuous, dark colored, resin passages few, 

 not conspicuous ; medullary rays numerous, conspicuous ; color, light red or orange, the thin sap-wood nearly 

 white; specific gravity, 0.6999; ash, 0.25; largely manufactured into lumber and used in construction of all sorts, 

 for ship-building, fencing, railway ties, etc. 



The turpentine, tar, pitch, rosin, and spirits of turpentine manufactured in the United States are almost 

 xcltisively produced by this species ( U. 8. Dispensatory, 14 ed. 709, 899. Nat. Dispensatory, 2 ed. 1417. Flilckiger & 

 Hanbury, Pharmacographia , 545). 



381. Pinus Cubensis, Grisebaeh, 



Mem. Am. Acad. viii,530; Cat. PI. Cuba, 217. Parlatore in De Caudolle, Prodr. xvi 2 ,396. 

 P. Tceda, var. hctero2)liylla, Elliott, Sk. ii,.636. 



P. Elliottii, Engclinaun; Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 30; Trans. St. Louis Acad. iv, 186, t. 1, 2, 3. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 

 Suppl. 650. 



P. Cubensis, var. terthrocarpa, Wright. Grisebach, Cat. PI. Cuba, 217. 



SLASH PINE. SWAMP PINE. BASTARD PINE. MEADOW PINE. 



South Carolina (Bluffton, Mellichamp), south near the coast to the southern keys of Florida, west along the 

 Gulf coast to the valley of the Pearl river, Louisiana, not extending beyond 50 or 60 miles inland; in the West 

 Indies. 



A tree 24 to 30 meters in height, with a trunk 0.60 to 0.90 meter in diameter ; light sandy soil along the dunes 

 and marshes of the coast, or wet clay borders of ponds, abandoned fields, etc., and now rapidly taking possession 

 of ground from which the forests of P. palustris have been removed ; the only species of Florida south of cape 

 Canaveral and bay Biscayne. 



Wood heavy, exceedingly hard, very strong, tough, coarse-grained, compact, durable; bands of small summer 

 cells very broad, occupying fully half the width of the annual growth, very resinous, conspicuous, resin passages 

 few, not large ; medullary rays numerous, rather prominent ; color, rich dark orange, the sap-wood lighter, often 

 nearly white; specific gravity, 0.7504; ash, 0.26; hardly inferior in value to that of P. palustris, although rarely 

 manufactured into lumber. 



Turpentine is occasionally manufactured in southern Florida from this species. 



NOTE. Specimens collected upon the southern keys of Florida by A. H. Curtiss connect the forms of South Carolina, Georgia, and 

 northern Florida with the West Indian tree. 



382. Picea nigra, Link, 



Linnsea, xv, 520. Carriere, Trait. Couif. 241 ; 2 ed. 323. Hooker f. in Trans. Linuaean Soc. xxiii 3 , 301. Brunet, Hist. Picea, 10 & t. f. 

 B. Peck in Trans. Albany Inst. viii, 283. Engelmann in London Gard. Chronicle, 1879, 334. Sears in Bull. Essex lust, xiii, 185. 



Abies Mariana, Miller, Diet. Wangenheim, Amer. 75. 



Pinus Mariana, DuEoi.Obs. Bot. 38; Harbk. ii, 107. Ehrhart, Beitr. iii, 24. 



Pinus Abies Canadensis, Marshall, Arbustum, 103. 



Pinus Americana rubra, Wangenheim, Amer. 75. 



Pinus nigra, Aiton,Hort. Kew. iii, 370; 2ed.v, 319. Lambert, Pinus, 1 ed. i,41, t. 27 ; 2 ed. i, 45, t. 27; 3 ed.i,64, t.37. 

 Willdenow, Spec, iv, 506 ; Enum. 990; Berl. Baumz. 278. Persoon, Syn. ii, 579. Pursh. Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 640. Smith 

 inEees'Cycl.xxviii,No.20. Barton, Compend. Fl. Philadelph. ii, 182. Nuttall, Genera, ii,223. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 

 177. Elliott, Sk. ii, 640. Sprengel, Syst. ii, 885. Torrey, Compend. Fl. N. States, 359; Fl. N.York, ii, 230. Beck, 

 Bot. 340. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed.264. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 163. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 358. Bigelow, Fl. Boston. 

 *3ed. 386. Antoine, Conif. 88, t. 34, f. 3. Endlicher, Syu.Conif. 115. Darby, Bot. S. States, 515. Porcher, Resources 

 S. Forests, 505. Parlatore in De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 413. 



