CATALOGUE OF FOREST TREES. 203 



Finns Americana, Grtner,Fruct.ii,60,t.91,f. 1. 



Finns rubra, Lambort,Pinus, 1 ed. i, 46, t. 28 ; 2ed.i, 47, t. 30; 3ed. i,66,t.38 [not Michaux f.]. Persoon,Syn.ii, 579. Alton, 

 Hort. Kew.2 ed. v, 319. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 640. Smith in Rees' Cycl. xxviii.No. -23. Xuttall, Genera, ii, 223. 

 Sprengel, Syst. ii, 8?5. Torrey. Compeml. Fl. X. States, 359. Beck, Bot. 340. Eatou, Manual, 6 ed.2G4. Hooker, Fl. 

 Bor.-Am. ii, 164. Eaton &, Wright, But. 358. Antoiue, Conii'. 87, t. 34, f. 2. Endlicher, Syu. Couif. 113. Gihoul, 

 Arb. Resin. 44. Parlatore in De Caudolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 413. 



Abies denticulata, Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 206. Poiret in Lamarck, Diet, vi, 520. 



Abies nigra, Poiret in Lamarck, Diet, vi, 520. Desfontaines, Hist. Arl>. ii,:)80. Michaux f. Hint. Arb. Am. i,124,t. 11; N. 

 American Sylva, 3 ed. iii, 139, t. 147. Nouveau Duhamel, v,2!>2, t. hi, f. 1. Liudley in Penn. Cycl. i,3S. London, 

 Arboretum, iv, 2:U2, f. 2^5-2227. Spach, Hist. Veg.xi, 410, in p;i.rt. Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 81 ; 2 ed. ii,96. 

 Griflith, Med. Bot. OOo. Knight, >Syu. Conii'. 30. Li:><llfy it : Junlcni in Jour. Ilorf. Soc. London, v, 211. Parry in Owen's 

 Rep. G18. Gordon, Piuotum, 11; 2 ed. 17. Richardson, Arctic Exped. 442. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 257. 

 Chapman, Fl. S. States, 434. Curtis in Rep. Geological Snrv. X.Carolina, 1860, iii, 27. Wood, Cl. Book, 662; Bot. & 

 Fl. 313. Porcher, Resources S. Forests, 507. Henkel & Hochstetter, Nadelhulz. 191. Nelson, Pinacese, 50. Gray, 

 Manual N. States, 5 ed. 471. Hoopes, Evergreens, 169. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 33. Guibourt, Hist. Drogues, 7ed. 

 ii, 247. Macouii in Geological Rep. Canada, 1875-76, 211. Bell in Geological Eep. Canada, 1879-'80, 44 C . Yeitch, 

 Manual Conif. 74. 



Abies rubra, Poiret in Lamarck, Diet, vi, 520. Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. ii, 580. London, Arboretum, iv, 2316, f. 2228. 

 Forbes, Pinetum Woburn. 101, t. 35. Knight, Syn. Conif. 37. Lindley &. Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc. London, v, 211. 

 Gordon, Pinetum, 11; 2 ed. 17. Heiikel & Hochstetter, Nadelholz. 189. Nelson, Piuaceae, 51. 



P. rubra, Link in Linniea, xv, 521. Carriere, Trait. Conif. 240; 2 ed. 322. 



Abies nigra, var. rubra, Michanx f. Hist. Arb. Am. i, 123; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. iii, 141. Spach, Hist. Veg. xi, 411. 

 Hoopes, Evergreens, 170. 



t Abies rubra, var. arctica, Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc. London, v, 211. 



Abies alba, Chapman, Fl. S. States, 435 [not Poiret]. 



Abies Americana, Koch, Dendiologie, ii 2 , 241. 



P. nigra, var. rubra, Engelmanu in London Gard. Chronicle, 1879, 334. 



Abies arciica, Hort. 



Abies Marylandica, Hort. 



BLACK SPRUCE. 



Newfoundland, northern Labrador to Ungava bay, Nastapokee sound, cape Churchill, Hudson bay, and 

 northwest to the moiith of the Mackenzie river and the eastern slope of the Kocky mountains; south through the 

 northern states to Pennsylvania, central Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, and along the Alleghany mountains 

 to the high peaks of North Carolina. 



A tree 15 to 21 meters in height, with a trunk 0.60 to 0.90 meter in diameter; light, dry, rocky soil, forming, 

 especially north of the fiftieth degree of latitude, extensive forests on the water-sheds of the principal streams or in 

 cold, wet swamps; then small, stunted, and of little value (P. rubru). 



Wood light, soft, not strong, close, straight-grained, compact, satiny; bands of small summer cells thin, 

 resinous, resin passages few, minute ; medullary rays few, conspicuous ; color, light red or often nearly white, the 

 sap-wood lighter; specific gravity, 0.4584 ; ash, 0.27; largely manufactured into lumber, used in construction,. for 

 ship-building, piles, posts, railway ties, etc. 



Essence of spruce, prepared by boiling the young branches of this species, is used in the manufacture of spruce 

 beer, a popular beverage ( U. 8. Dispensatory, 14 ed. 901). 



