CATALOGUE OF FOREST TREES. 207 



. 



HEMLOCK. 



Nova Scotia, southern New Brunswick, valley of the Saint Lawrence river to the shores of lake Temiscaniing, 

 and southwest to the western borders of northern Wisconsin ; south through the northern states to New Castle, 

 county, Delaware, southeastern Michigan, central Wisconsin, and along the Alleghany mountains to Clear Creek 

 falls, Winston county, Alabama (Mohr). 



A tree 21 to 33 meters in height, with a trunk 0.90 to 1.15 meter in diameter; dry, rocky ridges, generally 

 facing the north and often forming extensive forests almost to the exclusion of other species, or, less commonly, 

 borders of swamps in deep, rich soil; most common at the north, although reaching its greatest individual 

 development in the high mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, coarse, crooked-grained, difficult to work, liable to wind-shake and 

 splinter, not durable; bands of small summer cells rather broad, conspicuous ; medullary rays numerous, thin ; 

 color, light brown tinged with jed or often nearly white, the sap-wood somewhat darker; specific gravity, 0.4239; 

 ash, 0.46; largely manufactured into coarse lumber and used in construction for outside finish, railway ties, etc.; 

 two varieties, red and white, produced apparently under precisely similar conditions of growth, are recognized by 

 lumbermen. 



The bark, rich in tannin, is the principal material used in the northern states in tanning leather, and yields 

 a fluid extract sometimes used medicinally as a powerful astringent. 



Canada or hemlock pitch, prepared from the resinous secretion of this species, is used in the preparation of 

 stimulating plasters, etc. (U. S. Dispensatory, 14 ed. 709. 903. Nat. Dispensatory, 2 ed. 1109. Fluckiger & Hanbury, 

 Pharmacoaraphia, 552). 



388. Tsuga Caroliniana, Engelmann, 

 Coulter's Bot. Gazette, vi, 223. 



Abies species, Gibbs in Proc. Elliott Soc. i, 286. 

 Abies Caroliniana, Chapman, Fl. S. States, Snppl. 650. 



HEMLOCK. 



Southern Alleghany region, Bluff mountain, North Carolina (A. Gray), "Saluda mountain," South Carolina (L. 

 8. Gibbs), Pinnacle mountain, North Carolina (Curtiss). New river, North Carolina, and Caesar's head, South Carolina 

 (Canby), Whitesides mountain and Devil's Court-House peak, Jackson county, North Carolina (J. Donnell Smith). 



A small tree, 12 to 15 meters in height, with a trunk 0.60 to 0.75 meter in diameter; dry, rocky ridges between 

 4,000 and 5,000 feet elevation; rare and local; long confounded with the closely allied T. Canadensis, from which 

 it may be distinguished by its larger, glossier, blunter leaves, and larger cones with wide-spreading scales. 



W T ood light, soft, not strong, brittle, coarse-grained ; bauds of small summer cells narrow, not conspicuous ; 

 medullary rays numerous, thin ; color, light brown tinged with red, the sap-wood nearly white ; specific gravity, 

 0.4275 ; ash, 0.40. 



389. Tsuga Mertensiana, Carriere, 



Trait. Conif. 2 ed. 250. Engelmann in Bot. California, ii, 121 ; Coulter's Bot. Gazette, vi, 224. G. M. Dawsou iu Canadian Nat. new 

 ser. ix, 324. 



? Abies heterophylla, Rafinesque, Atlant. Jour. 119. Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 124. Carriere, Trait. Conif. 1 ed. 265. 



Pinus Mertensiana, Bongard in Mem. Acad. St. Petersburg, 6 ser. iii, 163. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 164. Eudlicher, Syn. 

 Conif. 111. Ledebour, Fl. Rossica, iii, 668. Parlatore in De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 428. McNab in Proc. Royal Irish 

 Acad. 2 ser. ii, 211, 212, t. 23, f. 4. 



PillUS Canadensis, Bougard in Mem. Acad. St. Petersburg, 6 ser. iii, 163 [not Linnaeus]. Douglas in Companion Bot. 

 Mag. ii, 127. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 164, in part. -Ledebour, Fl. Rossica, iii, 668. 



Abies Mertensiana, Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc. London, v, 211. Carriere, Trait. Conif. 1 ed. 232. Gordon, 

 Pinetum, 18 ; Suppl. 12 ; 2 ed. 29. Lyall in Jour. Linnsean Soc. vii, 133, 144. Henkel & Hocbstetter, Nadelholz. 152. 

 Rothrock in Smithsonian Rep. 1867, 433. Cooper in Am. Nat. iii, 412. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. vii, 402. Hoopes, 

 Evergreens, 192. Koch, Dendrologie, ii 3 , 250. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 33. Macoun in Geological Rep. Canada, 

 1875-76, 211. Hall in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, ii, 91. 



Abies Canadensis, ? Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 262 ;. Pacific R. R. Rep. xii 2 , 69 [not Desfontaines]. 

 AMes Bridgesii, Kellogg in Proc. California Acad. ii, 37. 



