208 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



AMeS Albertiana, Murray in Proc. Hort. Soc. London, iii, 149 & f. Lawson, Pinetum Brit.ii, 111, 1. 16, f. 1-18. Nelson, 

 Pinace, 31. Fowler in London Gard. Chronicle, 1872,75. 



Abies taxifolia, Hartweg, ined. (fide Murray in Proc. Hort. Soc. London, iii, 148). 



Pinus Pattoniana, McNab in Proc. Royal Irish Acad. 2 ser. ii, 211, 212, t. 23, f. 2 [not Parlatore] (fide Engelmann in London 

 Gard. Chronicle, 1882, 145). 



Abies Pattonii, McNab in Jour. Linnoeau Soc. xix,308. 



HEMLOCK. 



Alaska, south along the islands and coast of British Columbia, and through the Selkirk, Gold, and other 

 interior ranges to the Bitter Eoot mountains of Idaho, and the western slopes of the Eocky mountains of Montana 

 (valley of the Flathead river, Canby & Sargent), extending south along the Cascade mountains to southern Oregon 

 and in the Coast ranges to Marin county, California, between 1,000 and 4,000 feet elevation. 



A large tree. 30 to 61 meters in height, with a trunk 1.20 to 3 meters in diameter; low, moist bottoms or rocky 

 ridges ; very common and reaching its greatest development iu western Oregon and Washington territory, often 

 forming extensive forests, especially along the western base of the Cascade mountains. 



Wood light, hard, not strong, rather close-grained; bauds of small summer cells thin, not conspicuous; 

 medullary rays numerous, prominent ; color, light brown tinged with yellow, the sap-wood nearly white ; specific 

 gravity, 0.5182; ash, 0.42 ; occasionally manufactured into coarse lumber. 



The bark, rich in tannin, is the principal material used on the northwest coast in tanning leather. 



390. Tsuga Pattoniana, Engelmann, 

 Bot. California, ii, 121 ; London Gard. Chronicle, 145. 



Abies Pattoniana, Jeffrey in Rep. Oregon Exped.i,t.4, f. 2. Murray in Edinburgh New Phil. Jour, new ser.i, 291, t. 9, 

 f. 1-7. Lawson, Pinetum Brit, ii, 157, t. 22. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad-. vii,402. Koch, Dendrologie, ii 2 , 252. Hoopes, 

 Evergreens, 172. Carriere, Trait. Conif. 2 ed. 30. Hall in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, ii, 91. Veitch, Manual Conif. 

 116, f. 31, 32. 



fPioea Californica, Carriere, Trait. Conif. 261 ; 2ed.346. 



Abies Hookeriana, Murray in Edinburgh New Phil. Jour, new ser. i, 289, t. 9, f. 11-17. Lawson, Pinetum Brit, ii, 153, t. 

 21,22, f. 1-22. Nelson, Pinacea;, 31. McNab in Proc. Royal Irish Aead. 2 ser. ii, 211, 212, t. 23, f. 1. Veitch, 

 Manual Conif. 115, t. 32. 



Abies Williamsonii, Newberry in Pacific R. R. Rep. vi, 53, 90, t. 7, f. 19. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 313. Cooper in Am. Nat. 

 iii, 412. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 33. 



Pinus Pattoniana, Parlatore in De Candolle, Prodr. xvi s , 429. 



Abies Pattonii, Gordon, Pinetum, 1 ed. 10 (excl. syn. trigona). 



Abies Pattoni, Gordon, Pinetum, Suppl. 12. Henkel & Hochstetter, Nadelholz. 151 (excl. syn. trigona). 



Valley of the Fraser river, British Columbia, and probably much farther north, south along the Cascade 

 mountains and the California Sierras to the headwaters of the San Joaquin river, extending east along the high 

 mountains of northern Washington territory to the western slopes and summits of the Coeur d'Alne and Bitter 

 Eoot mountains of Idaho (Lolo trail, Watson), and the divide between Thompson and Little Bitter Eoot creeks, 

 northern Montana (H. B. Ayres). 



An alpine tree, rarely 30 meters in height, with a trunk 1.50 to 2.10 meters in diameter ; dry slopes and ridges 

 near the limits of tree growth, ranging from an elevation of 2,700 feet in British Columbia to 10,000 feet in the Sierras 

 of central California. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, close-grained, satiuy, susceptible of a good polish ; bands of small summer cells 

 thin, not conspicuous ; medullary rays numerous, obscure ; color, light brown or red, the sap-wood nearly white ; 

 specific gravity, 0.4454 ; ash, 0.44. 



