CATALOGUE OF FOREST TREES. 211 



Ptn* Abies Balsamea, Marshall, Arbustum, 102. 



A. balsamifera, Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 207, in part. Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. i, 145, t. 14; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. 

 iii, 150, t. 150, in part. 



Picea balsamea, Loudon, Arboretum, iv,2339, f. "2240, 2241. Knight, Syn. Conif. 39. Gordon, Pinetum, 143; 2 ed. 200. 

 Henkel & Hochstetter, Nadelholz. 176. Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 85 ; 2 ed. i, 101. Nelson, Pinacese, 37. 



Picea balsamea, Var. longifolia, Hort. London, Arboretum, iv, 2839. 

 Picea Fraseri, Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 88; 2 ed. i, 104 [not London]. 



BALSAM FIE. BALM OF GILEAD FIR. 



Northern Newfoundland and Labrador to the southern shores of Hudson bay, northwest to the Great Bear 

 lake and the eastern base of the Rocky mountains; south through the northern states to Pennsylvania, central 

 Michigan and Minnesota, and along the Alleghany mountains to the high peaks of Virginia. 



A tree 21 to 27 meters in height, with a trunk rarely exceeding 0.60 meter in diameter, or at high elevations 

 reduced to a low, prostrate shrub (A. Hudsonica, Hort.); damp woods and mountain swamps. 



Wood very light, soft, not strong, coarse-grained, compact, not durable ; bands of small summer cells not 

 broad, resinous, conspicuous; medullary rays numerous, obscure; color, light brown, often streaked with yellow, 

 the sap-wood lighter; specific gravity, 0.3819; ash, 0.45. 



Canadian balsam or balm of fir, an aromatic liquid oleo-resin obtained from this and other species of Abies by 

 puncturing the vesicles formed under the bark of the stem and branches, is used medicinally, chiefly in the treatment 

 of chronic catarrhal affections, and in the arts ( U. 8. Dispensatory, 14 ed. 898, 900. Nat. Dispensatory, 2 ed. 1417. 

 Fliickiger & Hanbury, Pharmacographia, 552). 



394. Abies subalpina, Engelmann, 



Am. Nat. x, 554 ; Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii, 597 ; Wheeler's Rep. vi, 255. Vasey , Cat. Forest Trees, 34. Hall in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, 

 ii,91. Brandegee in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, iii, 32. G. M. Dawson in Canadian Nat. new ser. ix, 326. Masters in London Gard. 

 Chronicle, 1881, 236, f. 43,44,45. 



fPinus lasiocarpa, Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Ani. ii, 163 [not Hort.]. Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 105. McNab in Proo. Royal Irish 

 Acad. 2 ser. ii, 682, t. 46, f. 7, 7; t. 47, 48, 49 (oxcl. syn.). 



?A. lasiocarpa, Nuttall, Sylva, iii, 138 ; 2 ed. ii, 195. Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc. London, v, 210. Carriere, Trait. 

 Conif. 1 ed. 221. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 262. Murray in Proc. Hort. Soc. London, iii, 313, f. 27-31. Henkel 

 & Hochstetter. Nadelholz. 161 (excl. syn.). 



fPillUS species, Torrey in Fremont's Rep. 97. 



Picea amabilis, Gordon. Pinetum. 154, in part; 2 ed.213, in part. 



A. bifolia, Murray in Proc. Hort. Soc. London, iii, 320, f. 51-56; London Gard. Chronicle, 1875, 465, f. 96, 97. Regel, 

 Gartenflora, xiii, 119. Henkel & Hochstetter, Nadelholz. 420. 



A. grandis, Engelmann in Am. Jour. Sci.2 ser. xxxiv, '.HO [not Lindley]. Carriere, Trait. Conif. 2 ed. 296, in part. Watson 

 in King's Rep. v, 334, in part. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. vii, 402 [not Lindley]. Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colorado; 

 Hayden's Surv. Misc. Pub. No. 4, 131 [not Lindley]. 



PillUS amabilis, Parlatore in De Candolle, Prodr. xvi j , 426, in part. 



Picea bifolia, Murray in London Gard. Chronicle, 1875, 105. 



A. subalpina, var. fallax, Engelmann in Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii, 597. 



BALSAM. 



Valley of the Stakhin river, Alaska, in latitude 60 N. (Muir), south through British Columbia and along 

 the Cascade mountains to northern Oregon (Collier), through the Blue mountains of Oregon and the ranges of 

 Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado. 



A tree 24 to 40 meters in height, with a trunk rarely exceeding 0.60 meter in diameter; mountain slopes and 

 canons between 4,000 (British Columbia) and 12,000 (Colorado) feet elevation; generally scattered and rarely 

 forming the prevailing forest growth. 



Wood very light, soft, not strong, rather close-grained, compact; bands of small summer cells very narrow, 

 not conspicuous; medullary rays numerous, obscure; color, light brown or nearly white, the sap-wood lighter; 

 specific gravity, 0.3476; ash, 0.44. 



