216 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



402. Larix occidentalis, Nuttall, 



Sylva, iii. 143, 1. 120; 2 ed. ii,199,t. 120. Newberry iu Pacific R. R. Rep. vi, 59, f. 24, 25. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858,262; 

 Am. Nat. iii, 412. Lyall iu Jour. Liunieau Soc. vii, 143. Nelson, Piuacese, 91. Hoopes, Evergreens, 253. Regel, Garteuflora, 

 xx, 103, t. 685, f. 8-10 (Belg. Hort. xxii, 101, t. 8, f. 3-5). Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 35. Gordon, Pinetum,2 ed. 176. Macoun in 

 Geological Rep. Canada, 1875-'76, 211. G. M. Dawson in Canadian Nat. new ser. ix, 329. Veitcb, Manual Conif. 130. 



Pinus La/rix, Douglas in Companion Bot. Mag. ii, 109 [not Liunaius]. 

 L. Americana, var. brevifolia, Carriore, Trait. Conif. 2 ed. 357. 

 Pinus NuttaUii, Parlatore in De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 412. 



TAMABACK. 



British Columbia, Selkirk and Gold ranges, south of latitude 53 N., extending west to the head of 

 Okanagan lake (0. M. Dawson), south along the eastern slopes of the Cascade mountains to the Columbia river, 

 through the mountain ranges of northern Washington territory to the western slopes of the Rocky mountains ot 

 Montana, and in the Blue mountains of Washington territory and Oregon. 



A noble tree of great economic value, 30 to 45 meters in height, with a trunk 0.90 to 1.50 meter in diameter ; 

 moist mountain slopes and benches between 2,500 and 5, 000 feet elevation; scattered among other trees and never 

 exclusively forming forests; the thick bark long resisting the action of forest fires; very common, and perhaps 

 reaching its greatest development in the region north of the Big Blackfoot river and in the valley of the Flathead 

 river, Montana, here the largest and most valuable timber tree. 



Wood heavy, exceedingly hard and strong, rather coarse-grained, compact, satiny, susceptible of a fine polish, 

 very durable in contact with the soil; bands of small summer cells broad, occupying fully half the width of annual 

 growth, very resinous, dark colored, conspicuous, resin passages few, obscure ; medullary rays numerous, thin j 

 color, light bright red, the thin sap wood nearly white; specific gravity, 0.7407; ash, 0.09; occasionally 

 manufactured into lumber, but principally used for fuel, posts, railway ties, etc. 



403. Larix Lyallii, Parlatore, 



Enum. Sein. Hort. Reg. Mus. Flor. 1863; London Gard. Chronicle, 1863,916 (Regel, Gartenflora, xiii, 244). Lyall in Jour. Linnsean 

 Soc. vii, 143. Henkel & Hochstetter, Nadelholz. 417. Carriere, Trait. Conif. 2 ed. 361. Hoopes, Evergreens, 256. Regel, 

 Gartenflora, xx, 103, t. 685, f. 11-13 (Belg. Hort. xxii, 102, t. 9, f. 1-3). Bertrand in Ann. Sci. Nat. 5 ser. xx, 90. Vasey, Cat. Forest 

 Trees, 35. Macoun in Geological Rep. Canada, 1875-'7I'>, 211. Veitch, Manual Conif, 130. 



Pinus Lyallii, Parlatore in De Candolle, Prodr. xvi 2 , 412. 



"Cascade mountains, 6,500 to 7,000 feet, forming an open belt of trees mingled with P.flexllis (P. alblcaulus); 

 on the Galton range at 6,000 feet and in the Rocky mountains at 7,000 feet, growing with P. flexilis" (Lyall); 

 mount Stewart, Washington territory (Brandegee & Tweedy, August, 1883) ; Grave Creek pass, northern Montana 

 (H.B. Ayres, September, 1883). 



A low, much-branched, straggling, alpine tree, rarely exceeding 15 meters in height, with a trunk sometimes 

 1.50 meter in diameter; dry, rocky soil, generally upon northern exposures, and associated with Pinus albicaulis 

 and Tsuga Pattoniana along the upper limits of tree-growth between 5,500 and 7,000 feet elevation (Brandegee). 



The wood not collected. 



NOTE. A well-marked species, distinguished from L. occidentalis by its alpine habit, the larger green or purple deciduous cones with 

 ciliated scales, and by the dense t omen turn covering the young shoots and leaf buds. 



