of iJie Genera of the Araneae. 51 



for the genus is not then conterminous with the original 

 one, but the case passes from being one of simple sub- 

 stitution and becomes a case of a new genus (e. g., 

 Diplostyla, Emert., in relation to Stylophora, Menge) ; 

 (d) when new species alone are quoted, and no old ones, then 



the case is one of a new genus, pure and simple ( 



O') 



Ceratinella, Emert., for Ceratina, Menge), 

 B. In a case where there is no definite substitution of a new 



name for an old one, or an implied substitution hy virtue 



of a quotation of the old name as a synonym under the 



new one. Then 

 (a) if the type species of the old genus turns out to be the 



type of the new one, then the new name is treated as 



virtually a substitution ; but 

 {b) it not, then it is still open to anyone to substitute a new 



name for the old preoccupied oae, with the original 



type species to represent it (e. g., Hypynima, Da,hl, in 



relation to Dicijphus, Menge). 



The case of Erroneous IdentifiGatlon of Species 

 quoted as Types. 



When the species quoted as the type of a genus has been 

 wrongly identified, then the type of the genus will be the 

 species which has been diagnosed, and not that quoted by 

 name, e. g.: — 



Example 1. See above, Cornictdaria, Menge. 



Example 2. Phrixotrichus, Sim., substituted for Orthotrichus, 

 Karsch, nom. prjeocc, followed by diagnosis of a species 

 identified by Simon as vuJjnuus, the type of Orthotrichus. 

 If the species be rightly identified, vulpinas^ Karsch, 

 is the type of Phryxotrichus. If, however, it be wrongly 

 identified, tlien the species diagnosed under the substi- 

 tuted name must be the type. 



Example 3. CyrtophoUs^ Sim., substituted for Cyrtosternum, 

 Auss., nom. prgeocc., followed by diagnosis of Grypsi- 

 dromus innocuus, Auss. (identified by Simon) ; while 

 Simon quotes C. cursor, Auss., as the type. The type, 

 however, of CyrtophoUs cannot be C. cursor, but muat 

 be the species diagnosed. 



