Natural History of East Fuvnark. 597 



crust ; iu frout of this a considerable portion of the area^ 

 typically trifoliate, but sometimes semielliptic or subrotund, 

 is covered only by a thin membrane, at the distal extremity 

 of which is situated the simple oral opening. Margin of 

 zooecium thickened, often gi'anulated, sometimes bearing a 

 pair (or more) of lateral spines ; oral spines found in young 

 specimens. Reproduction by means of prominent ooecia. 

 Sessile avicularia often present, sometimes one, sometimes 

 two on the hinder portion of the zooecium. Pore-chambers : 

 two pairs of lateral and one distal. 



The pore-chambers are very conspicuous in M. Flemingii, 

 but narrow and difficult to see (if always present ?) in 

 M. trifolium. 



37. ^Amphiblestrum trifolium (Busk). (PI. XIII. fig. 6.) 



SvolvEer, Lofoten Islands ; not yet found in East Finmark. 

 Other specimens in my collection are from Shetland, type 

 and var. quadrat a {A. M. N.) ; Wick, N.B., var. quadrata 

 {C. Peach) ; Adriatic as " M. Flemingii " [Prof. Heller) ; 

 Bergen Fiord, Norway {A. M. N.) \ Greenland (' Valorous/ 

 1875) ; Gulf of St. Lawrence {Whiteaves). 



Genus Ramphonotus, Norman, 1894. 



Type, Ramphonotus minax (Busk) . 



The zooecia, if developed freely in form, are pyriform, 

 widening upwards from the base, with a calcareous portion 

 posterior to, and occupying a larger part of the frout wall 

 than that of, the membranous portion; the membranous 

 portion of the area is nearly as wide as long, and often some- 

 what trifoliate in shape, the mouth-opening is simple and, 

 as usual, close to its anterior margin ; the border surrounding 

 the membranous area is calcareous. There may be lateral 

 spines. Ooecia large, globose, and imperforate. An acute 

 bird's-beak-like avicularium mounted on a pedicel, with 

 acute mandible of large size (often monstrously so), Avould 

 seem to be habitually developed on the adult zooecium, 

 situated on the central portion of the zocecium on, or imme- 

 diately behind, the hinder margin of the area. [Zoarium 

 incrusting in type species.] Fore-chambers : two pairs of 

 lateral and one' distal — the former very narrow and rarely 

 extending beyond the side walls ; the latter small and 

 apparently sometimes not present. 



38. Ramphonotus minax (Busk). (PI. XIII. fig. 7.) 



1867. Memhranipora Flemingii, forma minax, Srnitt, " Kiitisk Fdr- 

 teckning, &c.'' p. 367; pi. x.y. figs, lo, -11. 



