56 ELEMENTS OF HIPPOLOGY. 



clear, watery discharge from one nostril, lighter in color 

 than in the case of a common cold. "A singular char- 

 acteristic of glanders is that it generally attacks one nostril 

 only, and that is the left one; only a few cases having occurred 

 where it commenced in the right nostril. Mr. Dupay, a cele- 

 brated veterinary surgeon, and director of this school of sur- 

 gery at Toulouse, mentions that out of eight hundred cases of 

 glanders, which occurred during his practice, only one was 

 affected in the right nostril." 



Farcy manifests itself in small tumors, soft at first, then 

 breaking into an ulcer. "The farcy buttons occur most fre- 

 quently on the side of the lips, on the sides of the neck, the 

 lower part of the shoulders, the inside of the thighs, or the out- 

 side of the legs, but may occur on any part of the horse." 



Farcy is always accompanied by the internal form of the 

 disease, although the latter may not be manifested by the nasal 

 discharge. 



In order to discriminate between glanders and other diseases of 

 the nasal membranes, the mallein test is frequently resorted to. 

 Mallein is made by exposing a pure culture of the glanders germ 

 to dry heat sufficient to kill the germs. This dead culture is then 

 treated chemically to preserve it and is injected hypodermically 

 under the skin of the neck, usually, of the suspect. His tem- 

 perature is taken twenty-four hours before the injection and 

 again at the time of the injection. It is then taken every three 

 to six hours for forty-eight hours afterwards. If the place of in- 

 jection becomes materially inflamed and remains so for from two 

 to five days, with an inflamed spot at least five inches in diame- 

 ter, and a persistent rise of temperature of two degrees or more 

 is noticed, the suspicion is fairly well confirmed. The animal 

 should then be allowed to remain under observation in isolation 

 for a month. If now the test is applied with similar results, the 



