ELEMENTS OF HIPPOLOGY. 



63 



shown in Figures 44, 45, and 46 is a very useful shape for a 

 snaffle bit. 



The bit that has 

 the least painful in- 

 fluence on the 

 horse's mouth i s 

 the rubber-covered 

 bar bit. Theoret- 

 ically, this is the 

 ideal bit. 



Mechanically any 

 bit not having lev- 

 er action acts as 

 shown in the accom- 

 panying plates. 



I n Figures 4 5 

 and 46 AB repre- 

 sents, graphically, 

 a force, acting 

 through a pull on 

 the reins fastened 

 to a bar or snaffle 

 bit, on the horse's 

 jaw at A. Resolv- 

 ing this force into 

 its two components, 

 AE at right angles 

 to the horse's jaw 

 and AD parallel to 

 it, AE will then 



„ represent the actual 



Figure 44. . - . . 



useful restraining 



force and AD the wasteful force, operating merely to raise the 



horse's head. 



