ELEMENTS OF HIPPOLOGY. 



81 



CHAPTER VI. 



UPPER PASTERN 

 JOI NT 



THE FRONT LEG. 



Beginning at the top, the bones of the front leg are named 

 as follows: shoulder-blade (scapula), arm-bone (humerus), 



forearm-bone* (radius), the 

 bones of the knee, cannon- 

 bone (Figure 55), the splint- 

 bones, of which there are 

 two, one each side of the 

 cannon-bone (A, Figure 59), 

 the sesamoids, upper and 

 lower pastern-bones, navic- 

 ular-bone, and coffin-bone 

 (Figure 56). 



The joints are the shoul- 

 der-joint, the elbow-joint, 

 the knee, the fetlock-joint, 

 the lower pastern-joint, and 

 the navicular-joint. 



The external nomencla- 

 ture of this region is shown 

 in Figure 57. 



The shoulder-blade, which 

 has no bony connection — no 

 articulation — with the trunk, is bound to it by muscles alone. 

 The horse has no collar-bone. Below, it articulates with the 



LOWER PASTER! 

 JOINT 



NAVICULAR BONE 



COFFIN BONE 



Figure 56. — Nomenclature of 

 the Bones of the Foot. 



*The ulna, the upper portion of the f orearm-bone, reaching from 

 just below the elbow-joint to the point of the elbow, a separate bone 

 in the co.t, becomes completely united to the forearm-bone in the 

 adult horse. 



