ELEMENTS OF HIPPOLOGY. 195 



rider knows what he is about and appreciates the work of his 

 horse. It should be accompanied by the voice. 



There is only one instant when punishment should be ad- 

 ministered to a horse— that is the instant the fault was com- 

 mitted, and punishment should never be given in anger. The 

 horse does not reason; he feels and he remembers. The horse 

 cannot understand why he is punished. What he knows is that 

 certain acts of his are met with reward, certain others with pun- 

 ishment, and, if properly handled, he will do the things he was 

 doing when he was rewarded and avoid the things he was doing 

 when he was punished. For this reason, when a horse rears, he 

 should be struck with the whip while he is in the air, not after 

 he comes down. If he kicks, he should be struck while actually 

 kicking. If struck after the kick is finished, he will be very apt 

 to kick again. The cause and the effect must come together. 



James Fillis, probably the greatest high-school rider of all 

 time, says:* "The great art in breaking is to reward and punish 

 in an appropriate manner; in order to do which we must seize 

 the exact moment of obedience or resistance. Here we must 

 bear in mind the fundamental principle of breaking — namely, 

 that reward should follow obedience as quickly as punishment 

 follows disobedience." 



*" Breaking and Riding," by James Fillis (Charles Scribner's 

 Sons, 1902), p. 112. foot-note. 



