VEINS — VETERINARY SURGEONS 



Veins are the blood-vessels which carry the blood back 

 to the heart after it has passed through the arteries. The 

 blood which comes from a severed vein trickles out, and is 

 darker in colour than that which spurts from the arteries 

 if they are cut. (See Arteries, Bleeding, Capillaries y Stitch- 

 ing-up Wounds) 



Ventilation. — All kennels should be well ventilated if 

 the dogs inhabiting them are expected to thrive ; but 

 adequate ventilation and draughts are two very different 

 things, and hence the ventilators should be placed up 

 high over the heads of the dogs at the top of the kennel. 

 A very good ventilator is formed by a piece of bent iron 

 piping, so arranged that the water cannot enter it, which 

 can easily be effected by fitting it with a cowl. By such 

 means the impure air will be able to escape and the 

 kennels kept sweet. Another good arrangement is a 

 sliding panel at the top of each of the sides of the kennel, 

 something after the design of the ventilators in railway 

 carriages. By this the amount of ventilation can be 

 regulated, as it will not be necessary to open more than 

 one ventilator in bad weather, and that only at the side 

 away from the direction of the wind ; whilst in hot weather 

 they can all be pushed as far back as possible, thus allowing 

 a current of cool air to pass over the heads of the dogs. 

 (See Hospital^ Kennels.^ 



Vermin. (See Fleas, Lice, Ticks.) 



Veterinary Surgeons. — Both dogs and their owners 

 have every cause to feel thankful that the health of the 

 one and the property of the other are now in the hands 

 of a very different class of practitioner to many of the 

 illiterate, ignorant men who used to pose as dog doctors in 

 the past. The modern canine specialist is a gentleman who 

 has studied his subject, and is not merely guided by the 

 principles of rule of thumb and a smattering of a know- 



202 



