-'6 DISEASES DUE TO PROTOZOA 



DIAGNOSIS. 



From Syphilis. — Syphilitic patients may contract it and the reverse. 

 Monkeys inoculated with yaws do not acquire immunity against 

 syphilis. 



Syphilis is worldwide in its distribution, hut yaws is limited to 

 certain tropical regions. 



In Samoa, syphilis was unknown prior to 1880, but yaws has been 

 endemic there ever since the people have been known. 



In British Guiana yaws has recently disappeared, but svphilis 

 remains (Daniels). 



The primary Icsicm is usually extragenital in \-aws. 



Pruritis is usually well-marked. 



The eruption is nearly always papular, becoming granulomatous. 

 It is not hereditary. 



There is no thickening of the blood-vessel walls so characteristic 

 in syphilis. 



There is a marked diffuse plasma cell infiltration of the granulomata. 



Giant cells are absent in yaws but present in svphilis. 



The consensus of opinion goes to show that yaws is not identical 

 with syphilis, although the morphological similarity between the causal 

 agents of both diseases is a very strong one. The same argument 

 applies to Tuberculosis and Leprosy. 



From Verruga Peruviana. — This disease is limited to certain valleys 

 of the Andes at an elevation of 3 feet to 10,000 feet. 



It has a high mortality, 30 per cent, to 40 per cent. 



It has a severe fever of long duration. 



The eruption attacks the mucous membrane, which bleeds readily. 



TREATMENT. 



Salvarsan, neosalvarsan, galyl and kindred preparations act very 

 quickly, but they may fail to effect a cure in old tertiary cases. Neo- 

 salvarsan is better than salvarsan because — 



It dissolves more readily in water ; 



It gives a neutral reaction ; 



It is less toxic and better tolerated ; 



It can be given intramuscularly and intravenously. 



The average single dose for men is o"6 — 0*75 grm. 

 ,, ,, ,, women, 0*45 — o"6 grm. 



,, ,, ,, children, 0-15— 0-3 grm. 



More than o'q grm. should not be given in any case. 



Intravenously. 



25 c.c. of freshly distilled water are required for each o"i5 grm. 

 Some give neosalvarsan and galyl concentrated, such as when 



