THE DYSENTERIES 29 



In 1897 they lost 22,300 from the same disease. 



1899-1902. In the South African Campaign 1,342 died from 

 dysentery. 



1900. In India the deaths from bowel complaints reached nearly 

 half a million (Hirsch). 



In the American Civil War the Federals lost 37,794 of their troops 

 from dysentery and diarrhoea. 



CLASSIFICATION. 



(i) Bacterial, caused by : — 



B. dysenteriai of Shiga. (See section on Diseases due ta 



Bacteriology.) 

 B. dysenterias of Flexner. (See section on Diseases due tO; 



Bacteriology.) 

 B. pvoc\-aneus. (See section on Diseases due to Bacteriology.) 



and kindred organisms. 



(2) Verminous, caused by : — 



Schistosoma japonicum. (See section on Diseases due ta 



Helminths.) 

 Schistosoma haematobium. 

 Qisophagostomum brumpti. 

 Faciolopsis buski. 

 Gastrodiscus hominis. 



(3) Protozoal, caused by : — 



Amoeba (amoebic). 



Balantidium (ciliar). 



Kala-azar (Leishmanic). (See article on Kala-azar.) 



Malaria (Laveranic). (See article on Malaria.) 



(4) Pseudo-dysenteries. (]\Iost common in temperate climates.) 



These manifest diarrhoea, blood-mucous stools, abdominal. 



pain and tenesmus. 

 The causes are : — 



Intestinal tuberculosis. 

 Intestinal cancer and polypi. 

 Inflamed internal haemorrhoids, 

 Gummata of rectum, 

 Intussusception, 



Errors of diet, e.g., small fish bones eaten by natives,. 



ptomaines, e.g., ricin, 

 excreta of locusts in water (Prout). 

 Deeks classifies the Dysenteries of Ancon Hospital thus : — 



(i) Amoebic dysentery, caused by E. histolytica of Schaudinn.. 

 (2) ,, ,, ,, E. tetragena of \^iereck. 



