48 DISEASES DUE TO PROTOZOA 



(5) Less well known causative ciliar parasites are : — 



Colpoda ciscullus. 

 Nyctotherus faba, 



„ giganteus. 



Cercomonas, Bodo, Prowazekia are rare. Each of ihem possess 

 flagella from the blunt end of organism, but they cannot be seen until 

 a few days after the faeces have been passed. 

 They are not pathogenic. 

 They all probably have an amoeboid stage. 



(6) Coccidia, Genus Isospora, have been found in faeces of patients 

 from Gallipoli, and are now regarded as having some pathogenic 

 significance in man. Little is yet known of them, except in animals 

 and birds. 



LIVER ABSCESS. 



INCIDENCE. 



In India the native soldiers are seventeen times less liable to hepatitis 

 than the European soldier, and twenty-five times less liable to liver 

 abscess. 



VARIETIES. 



Single : These are tropical in 75 per cent, of cases, and are due to 

 amoebae, ascarides and gallstones. 



Multiple : Usually pyasmic, sometimes coccidia. 



POSITION (Cantlie). 



Supra-hepatic : The pus lies between the layers of the suspensory 



ligament; is seldom associated with dysentery; 



the pus is usually sterile. 

 Intra-hepatic : Usually amoebic; the pus is always infected. 

 Sub-hepatic : Rare, and when present is not dysenteric. 



CAUSATION. 



Traumatism, chiefly pyogenic cocci. 



Gallstones, chiefly B. coli communis. 



Parasites, amoebae, ascarides, hydatids, coccidia, distoma rare. 



Direct extension, from right empyasma, peritonitis, right peri- 

 nephritis. 



Typhoid, along the bile ducts from the intestine or by pylephlebitis, 

 or directly from a focus of suppuration. 



Pyaemic, along the portal vein after dysentery, gastric or duodenal 

 ulcers, appendicitis, abscess of spleen or pancreas, after treatment for 

 haemorrhoids, sepsis of umbilical cord, along the hepatic artery, after 

 septic injuries of the cranium, otitis media, ulcerative endocarditis and 

 septic diseases of the lungs. 



