i;6 DISEASES DUE TO BACTERIA 



(2) Structural alteralions of dwellings and stores, demolition of in- 

 sanitary buildings, prompt disposal of garbage, periodical inspec- 

 tion of stores having drainage witii view of keeping down rats. 



(3) Destruction and dispersion of fleas by petroleum, &c. 



(4) Fumigation of houses against rats and fleas. 



(5) Obligation of ships from infected regions to anchor away from 

 the shore. 



(6) Provide mechanical means for preventing rats from landing 

 along mooring cables and gangways. 



(7) Fumigation of ships arriving with plague patients, plague rats 

 or suspected bedding. 



Such would cause a dislocation of trafific and an outcry, formidable 

 to face; the result is that plague is still spread. 



If men are honest, rals are not and regulations are broken down. 



PRIVATE PROPHYLAXIS. 



Yersin's serum, from a horse inoculated with fresh agar cultures; 

 give 20-200 c.c. intravenously and subcutaneously near the buboes. 

 There may be urticaria and pleurodynia for three days. 



For Yersin's serum to have anv appreciable effect on the course of. 

 the disease, the first injection must be given wuthin forty-eight hours 

 from the appearance of symptoms. 



Lustig and Galeottis' serum, from a horse injected with vaccine. 

 Both these are supposed to stimulate phagocytosis and are not bacteri- 

 cidal. 



Lustig and Galeottis' vaccine ; shake agar cultures with i per cent. 

 of caustic potash, and after two hours add o'5 per cent, acetic acid, and 

 thus obtain a precipitate of nucleo-proteids. 



Subcutaneous or intramuscular 2-3 milligrammes. 



Haffkinc's Prophylactic Vaccine. — Grow bacteria on broth and 

 butter fat 4 to 6 weeks; stalactite growths form. 



Sterilize at 65°-70° C. for one hour. 



Decant into bottles with a little carbolic acid. 



Dose. — 3 c.c. for an adult man. Subcutaneously about deltoid. 



There is a local and general reaction arising in a few hours and 

 disappearing in i to 3 days. Reaction may be severe or mild. 



This protects from 2 to 12 months and is used much in India. Good 

 results. 



It requires 10 to 14 days to produce suflRcient immunity; during that 

 time resistance is diminished. In a Punjab experiment in 1903 the 

 mortality was 60 per cent.; in the inoculated it was 2^^ per cent. 



ATTENUATED CULTURES. 



Strong. — Intramuscular injection of one whole twenty-four hours 

 agar slant of living virulent culture. The reaction is not excessive. 



