270 DISEASES DUE TO HELMINTHS 



No food to be given until a motion lias been passed. 

 Fluid foods are to "be given for the remainder of that day. 

 Preserve and examine all stools for the scolex. 

 The treatment for Echinococcus is largely symptomatic. 



(3) PROPHYLACTIC. 



Keep cattle from all faecal matter. 



Urge absolute cleanliness with regard to food and water. 



I'ork and beef meat should always be well cooked. 



Ill NEMATODES PATHOGENIC TO MAN. 



Nematodes belong to the Xemathelminlhs, Ph\lum (2) of !he 

 Metazoa. 



Their study is most important as Filariasis and Ankylostomiasis 

 are among the diseases caused by these helminths. 



MORPHOLOGY. 



They are white filiform worms covered with a cuticle, usually 

 tapering at both ends and enclosing a large undivided body cavity. 



There is a mouth at the anterior end with two to six lips leading 

 to a thick muscular oesophagus which may be armed with teeth. 



The intestine is a flattened tube leading to a short rectum or anus. 



The excretory pore is in the mid-ventral line behind the mouth, the 

 pore being the outlet for two excretory tubes which unite to discharge 

 there. 



The nervous system is a circum-oesophageal ring with six anterior 

 and six posterior nerve trunks. 



The sexes are separate. 



The male genital organs, testes, vas deferens, vesicula seminales 

 and ductus ejaculatorius are modifications of one tube which opens 

 close to the anus. There are also spines and papilla. 



The female genital organs, ovary, oviduct and uterus are modifica- 

 tions of two much-coiled tubes. These unite forming the vagina 

 which opens in the ventral mid-line in front of the anus. 



The parasites appear to live upon intestinal juices. Some enter 

 the villi. Their life histories differ and are dealt with separately. 



THE PRESERVATION AND EXAMINATION OF NEMATODES. 



See end of present section, p. 321. 



The most important of these Nematodes will now be dealt with 

 seriatim. 



STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS (Family Angiostomida) . 



The adult is very small, 2' 2 mm. by 34 mm. long. 

 There are four lips to the mouth. 



