LOCAL DISEASES OP THE EVE 511 



(/*) Animal parasites. 



Filaria loa may cause trouble beneath the skin of the eyelids 



and conjunctiva as in West Africa. 

 Filaria oculi humani may insert itself in tiie eyeball. 

 Cysts containing Paragonimus westermanii have occurred in 



the eyelids and orbit. 

 Dermanyssus gallina? in the cornea. 

 Demodex folliculorum in the Meibomian glands. 

 Cysticercus cellulos^e in the choroid, vitreous, retina or 



ciliary region. 

 Amongst other parasites that have been 'found troublesome 



are : Agamodistomum ophthalmobium, Monastomum 



lentis, Sparganum rhansoni and Filaria palpebralis. 



(c) Fungi. 



These play an important part in local eye diseases as the 

 following list will show. 



Ocular blastomycosis is caused by Cryptoccccus dermatitis 

 and various Saccharomyces. Papules, pustules and an 

 ulcerative warty condition of the eyelids is produced. 



Ocular tinea is caused by the Microsporon lansomum and 

 the Trichophyton tonsurans. There are crusts and 

 pustules about the cilia. 



Ocular aspergillosis is caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. 

 There are pain, abscess and ulcer formation. 



Ocular nocardiasis is caused by Nocardia bovis, N. israeli, 

 N. foersteri, N. dassonvillei, all which produce actinomy- 

 cotic conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, miliary metastases in 

 the choroid and lachrymal concretions. 



Ocular moniliasis by Monilia albicans, the organism of 

 " thrush " and perhaps of sprue. 



Ocular genosporosis by Genospora graphii (rare). 



Ocular sporotrichosis by Sporotrichum beurmanni infecting 

 the eyelids, conjunctivae, lachrymal sac and iris. 



(5) Local eye conditions not previously dealt with. 



Congenital defects are not uncommon, such as anophthalmos, 

 microphthalmos, coloboma, albinism and errors of refraction. 

 Conjunctivitis. 

 (a) Conjunctivitis catarrhalis. 



Acute : this is caused by the Koch-Weeks bacillus and is 

 nearly always severe, also by the IMorax-Axenfeld bacillus 

 which causes a mild type, also by the pneumococcus and 

 staphylococcus less com.monl\-. This latter may occur in 

 epidemics. 



