536 TROPICAL HYGIENE, SANITATION, ETC. 



If there is any glass in the windows it should be shaded from the 

 direct sunlight by screens. Through ventilation is essential in all 

 good houses. There must be a very good damp course in cement 

 around all the walls. It should be remembered that an ordinary brick 

 holds 1 6 ounces of water. 



One must insist on the instant removal of every impurity and 

 household refuse bv burial or fire. One should avoid windowless 

 cubicles and narrow passages. The kitchen should be built apart. 



Villages, Camps and Stations. 



The houses should be built along the lines indicated as far as 

 possible. Always plan and plot as for a larger settlement. 



Construction must be controlled or every cluster of dwellings will 

 become a death-trap. Make all streets of one-storeyed houses 30 feet 

 wide (10 metres), and those for double-storeyed houses 50 feet wide 

 (18 metres). The principal streets should be 60 to 100 feet wide (22 to 

 36 metres). All streets should be parallel to or at right angles with 

 each other and shaded by suitable trees. 



All ordinary houses should be in alignment with one of the streets. 

 If a township is anticipated plan for a large population, and allow for 

 open spaces, gardens, recreation grounds, schools, hospitals, ceme- 

 teries, latrines, wash-houses, &c. All proposed buildings should be 

 submitted b^' plan to the responsible authorities before their con- 

 struction. Consider the possible demands for tram lines, rail roads, 

 &c. Provide a lane 15 to 20 feet (5 to 7 metres) wide for sanitary 

 purposes at the back of each row of houses. This will also serve for 

 drainage, scavenging, air space, &c. It will also prevent encroach- 

 ments and will facilitate alignment. 



Native villages should be on a health v site, well av\ay from any 

 European dwellings. The huts should be of brick, daub or ant-hill 

 clay with a grass roof. Such are cool, but the usual iron buildings 

 are insufferably hot, even to a native. There should be permanent 

 openings below the wall-plates for ventilation. The houses should 

 not be more than 16 feet in height (5 metres) and built along a road- 

 way, 30 feet (10 metres wide). Nine feet (3 metres) should be allowed 

 between detached huts. They should be properly constructed with 

 a latrine for each, and a back lane, parallel with the road, 15 feet 

 (5 metres) wide. 



Jails. 



Formerly they were the endemic centres of bacillary dysentery. 



At the present time much improved buildings are being erected. 



The site area should be 50 square yards (50 square metres) for each 

 prisoner. The dormitories should be 20 feet (6 metres) wide and 

 12 feet (4 metres) high with two rows of beds, one on either side and 



