SANITATION 585 



Now 1,000 ounces of solids equal i cubic foot, and 6*25 gallons 

 of fluids equal i cubic foot. 



One adult yields 14 cubic feet of solids and liquids per annum 

 without ablution water. If the latter is added it is best to double the 

 amount given above, then one can ascertain the amount of land 

 necessary for its disposal. 



For its removal use buckets of i cubic foot capacity and carts of 



12 cubic feet capacity. 



Now 1,000 persons yield per diem 500 lb. of solids or SQ'^ ^ i^ or 



1. 000 



8 cubic feet of solids and also 500 gallons or J^? or 80 cubic feet. This 



6-25 



equals eight\'-eight buckets daily. Now each scavenger carries two 

 buckets and goes twice daily to the trenching ground, hence to remove 

 the total excreta of 1,000 persons there would be required twenty-two 

 men with forty-four buckets of i cubic foot capacity each. Each man 

 to make two trips daily. 



LATRINES. 



(A) For Natives. 



(i) The Bush. — All primitive natives in small communities 

 use the bush. If a small hole is made in the ground and 

 the excreta covered, the method would be hygienic for 

 districts where there are small communities and extensive 

 bush abounds. 



(2) Pits. — Some natives dig pits about 2-6 metres deep and 



2-4 metres in diameter; the sizes are by no means con- 

 stant. These holes are covered over with sticks and clay, 

 leaving a small aperture at the top. When one is nearly 

 full it is covered with earth and another prepared. It is 

 surprising what a minimum amount of nuisance such pits 

 cause. 



(3) Shallozv Trenches. — These are useful in certain small bush 



communities where there is ample supervision. An area 

 is screened off and divided for the sexes. The trenches 

 are half a metre deep and a quarter of a metre wide. 

 They are made as long as required. The native squats 

 astride. Earth is thrown on daily, and the whole trench 

 is filled in when it is within a short distance from the 

 top. A fresh trench is then prepared in front of the old 

 one, and so on until the whole screened area, is exhausted. 

 The screens are then removed to another part. In some 

 instances the excreta is mixed with earth and removed 

 daily. 



