DISEASES 121 



doses until the stomach is well emptied. After this the most important 

 object is to produce stupor, and morphine, hypodermically administered, as 

 well as being a good emetic, is a safe narcotic in the dog. In dogs over 

 six months old one-fourth grain can be given safely for every ten pounds of 

 live weight. This should be followed by chloroform inhalation adminis- 

 tered lightly and kept up until the convulsions become less pronounced. 

 Chloral hydrate is probably the best antidote in cases where it cannot be 

 given by the mouth owing to spasm of the cheek muscles. It should be 

 given in from ten to thirty grain doses, dissolved in an ounce of warm 

 water, injected gently in the rectum. The dose can be repeated if con- 

 sidered necessary every hour. The animal suould be kept as quiet as pos- 

 sible, harsh sounds, bright lights or unnecessary handling tending to increase 

 the severity of the convulsions." 



Parasites, External — The number and variety of parasites that make 

 one part or another of the dog their habitat is very great. These are di- 

 vided into external and internal; in the former two distinct mites, produc- 

 ing two very distinct forms of the mange, have already been referred to, 

 and the internal parasites are treated under Worms. 



There is no dog owner of much experience who is not aware that great 

 care and cleanliness are needed to prevent the introduction of these un- 

 welcome visitors, or who has not had to pay smartly for their extermina- 

 tion, if his kennels have been neglected. The parasites to which I par- 

 ticularly wish to direct attention are three in number — the louse, the flea 

 and the tick — which now follow in order named as to treating. 



Dog Louse. — These resemble that of a man, only larger in size, and can 

 not live on a human being. It causes great irritation, the dog scratching 

 and worrying himself constantly. They live on all, or any part of the 

 body, but most abundant about the head and face, the eyes, roots of ears, 

 and along the top of the back. By closely examining the dog's skin, red 

 streaks and dots of blood will be seen where the louse has been feeding. 



One species is described in Prof. Neumann's "Parasites," translated 

 by Prof. Fleming: 



"The head is short and almost as wide as long; it is salient in the 

 thorax to which it is exactly applied; the third and fourth articles of the 

 antennae are alike. The abdomen is very developed in the female, and is 

 a long oval in shape; it has nine rounded segments, which are often salient 

 at the sides; stigmates distinct and marginal; the first seven segments 

 have two rows of short bristles. The general tint is yellowish-white, the 

 head and thorax being a little darker. T^he female is 2mm. long, and the 

 male l-15mm." This louse is oftener found about the throat and back of 

 the ears, but extends to all parts of the body. 



The other louse of the dog is Trichodectes latus, of which this is 

 Neumann's description: "The head is sub-quadrangular and much wider 

 than it is long, being truncated in front; the antennas are hairy and dif- 

 ferent in the two sexes, the first article in the male being much thicker, 

 and occupying a moiety of the length of the organ. The abdomen is broad, 

 and more rounded in the female, with lateral, but no median spots. The 



